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<p>The early-stage diagnosis of various Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is critical for enabling timely clinical intervention and improving patient prognosis. This work presents an electrical biosensing approach for the differentiation and detection of healthy and cholangiocarcinoma conditions by quantifying varying clinical concentrations of the p53 biomarker in blood serum. The proposed sensing platform utilizes a Core–Shell Junctionless Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (CS-JL-NWFET) for the real-time and ultra-sensitive detection of the p53 biomarker. The sensing mechanism is based on interface charge modulation, where equivalent interface charges, representing different concentrations of the p53 biomarker, are introduced into the nanocavity region of the device. This electrostatic modulation influences the device’s electrical response, enabling label-free biomarker detection. The performance of the biosensor is systematically evaluated using key sensing parameters, including threshold voltage, switching ratio (<i>I</i><sub><i>ON</i></sub>/<i>I</i><sub><i>OFF</i></sub>), and subthreshold slope. The proposed biosensor exhibits high sensitivity in distinguishing clinical p53 concentrations, achieving an <i>I</i><sub><i>ON</i></sub>/<i>I</i><sub><i>OFF</i></sub> ratio of 4.60 × 10⁹ at 1.62&#xa0;ng/ml, corresponding to the maximum diseased state, and 2.15 × 10⁷ at 0.27&#xa0;ng/ml, corresponding to the maximum healthy state, enabling effective differentiation between healthy and cancerous conditions. Furthermore, the impact of variation in core thickness, channel length, temperature, cavity occupancy, and repulsive steric hindrance on the threshold voltage, switching ratio, and subthreshold slope sensitivity is analyzed. The results confirm that device geometry and operational environment critically affect biosensor performance, providing valuable design insights for sensitivity, reliability, and clinical applicability.</p>

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Core–Shell Incorporated Junctionless Nanowire FET based Biosensor for Detection of p53 Biomarker in Gastrointestinal Cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月11日

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  • Bharti,
  • Poornima Mittal

摘要

The early-stage diagnosis of various Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is critical for enabling timely clinical intervention and improving patient prognosis. This work presents an electrical biosensing approach for the differentiation and detection of healthy and cholangiocarcinoma conditions by quantifying varying clinical concentrations of the p53 biomarker in blood serum. The proposed sensing platform utilizes a Core–Shell Junctionless Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (CS-JL-NWFET) for the real-time and ultra-sensitive detection of the p53 biomarker. The sensing mechanism is based on interface charge modulation, where equivalent interface charges, representing different concentrations of the p53 biomarker, are introduced into the nanocavity region of the device. This electrostatic modulation influences the device’s electrical response, enabling label-free biomarker detection. The performance of the biosensor is systematically evaluated using key sensing parameters, including threshold voltage, switching ratio (ION/IOFF), and subthreshold slope. The proposed biosensor exhibits high sensitivity in distinguishing clinical p53 concentrations, achieving an ION/IOFF ratio of 4.60 × 10⁹ at 1.62 ng/ml, corresponding to the maximum diseased state, and 2.15 × 10⁷ at 0.27 ng/ml, corresponding to the maximum healthy state, enabling effective differentiation between healthy and cancerous conditions. Furthermore, the impact of variation in core thickness, channel length, temperature, cavity occupancy, and repulsive steric hindrance on the threshold voltage, switching ratio, and subthreshold slope sensitivity is analyzed. The results confirm that device geometry and operational environment critically affect biosensor performance, providing valuable design insights for sensitivity, reliability, and clinical applicability.