<p>In this study, modelling of SPPs in magnetized plasma-graphene-perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) interfaces is investigated in the microwave frequency regime. Graphene conductivity is numerically modeled using Kubo’s formula, and the transfer matrix technique is employed to derive the characteristics equation. Due to anisotropy of plasma medium, two types of plasmon modes (lower and upper modes) are analyzed versus wave frequency. We investigate the impact of various parameters such as admittance parameter (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$M$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>M</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), plasma frequency <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$({\omega }_{p})$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, cyclotron frequency <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$({\omega }_{c})$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, chemical potential, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$({\mu }_{c})$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, relaxation time <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$(\tau )$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>τ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and number of graphene layers <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$(N)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on propagation characteristics of SPPs. Numerical results show that the propagation loss, effective mode index (EMI), and phase velocity are strongly influenced by the interplay of these parameters. We observe that chemical potential, admittance parameter and cyclotron frequency significantly affect phase velocity, while chemical potential, relaxation time, number of graphene layers, plasma frequency and cyclotron frequency primarily control the EMI. Furthermore, propagation frequency fluctuation can also be used to tune the dispersion curve. The unique combination of proposed structure suggests promising applications in high-performance plasmonic devices, such as advanced sensors, optical modulators, and tunable plasmonic antennas.</p>

Modelling of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) in Magnetized Plasma-Graphene-PEMC Interfaces

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年9月15日

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M. Umair,
A. Ghaffar,
Muhammad Yasin Naz,
Haq Nawaz Bhatti

摘要

In this study, modelling of SPPs in magnetized plasma-graphene-perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) interfaces is investigated in the microwave frequency regime. Graphene conductivity is numerically modeled using Kubo’s formula, and the transfer matrix technique is employed to derive the characteristics equation. Due to anisotropy of plasma medium, two types of plasmon modes (lower and upper modes) are analyzed versus wave frequency. We investigate the impact of various parameters such as admittance parameter ( $M$ $M$ ), plasma frequency $({\omega }_{p})$ $(ω_{p})$ , cyclotron frequency $({\omega }_{c})$ $(ω_{c})$ , chemical potential, $({\mu }_{c})$ $(μ_{c})$ , relaxation time $(\tau )$ $(τ)$ and number of graphene layers $(N)$ $(N)$ on propagation characteristics of SPPs. Numerical results show that the propagation loss, effective mode index (EMI), and phase velocity are strongly influenced by the interplay of these parameters. We observe that chemical potential, admittance parameter and cyclotron frequency significantly affect phase velocity, while chemical potential, relaxation time, number of graphene layers, plasma frequency and cyclotron frequency primarily control the EMI. Furthermore, propagation frequency fluctuation can also be used to tune the dispersion curve. The unique combination of proposed structure suggests promising applications in high-performance plasmonic devices, such as advanced sensors, optical modulators, and tunable plasmonic antennas.