<p>This study presents a highly sensitive single-core surface plasmon resonance (SPR)–based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor optimized for the detection of cancerous cells inside the human body. The sensor was simulated and analyzed in COMSOL Multiphysics software, which is based on the finite element method (FEM). The biosensor features a circular cladding structure with optimized air hole dimensions and a 35-nm-thick gold layer as the plasmonic material. Comparative analysis was conducted by substituting gold with silver and integrating a TiO<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$_2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>2</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> layer. Refractive index fluctuations of several cancerous cells, including HeLa, Jurkat, Basal, MDA-MB-231, PC-12, and MCF-7, were investigated using wavelength and amplitude interrogation techniques. The maximum wavelength sensitivity of 8571.42 nm/RIU was observed for the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with a resolution of 1.17 <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\times 10^{-5}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In addition, the maximum amplitude sensitivity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$-$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>-</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>2589.15 RIU<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{-1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and a figure of merit (FOM) of 263.73 RIU<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{-1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> were observed for the MCF-7 cell. This work presents an optimized single-core PCF structure with tailored air hole geometry and comparative plasmonic material evaluation, enabling simplified fabrication and delivering high sensitivity for detecting multiple cancer cell types.</p>

Highly Sensitive Single-Core Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Detecting Six Different Cancer Cells Using Photonic Crystal Fiber

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年8月22日

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Mithun Bepare,
Tanu Prava Mondal,
Shah Ali Rafi,
Russel Reza Mahmud,
M. Shariful Islam,
Bobby Barua

摘要

This study presents a highly sensitive single-core surface plasmon resonance (SPR)–based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor optimized for the detection of cancerous cells inside the human body. The sensor was simulated and analyzed in COMSOL Multiphysics software, which is based on the finite element method (FEM). The biosensor features a circular cladding structure with optimized air hole dimensions and a 35-nm-thick gold layer as the plasmonic material. Comparative analysis was conducted by substituting gold with silver and integrating a TiO $_2$ $_{2}$ layer. Refractive index fluctuations of several cancerous cells, including HeLa, Jurkat, Basal, MDA-MB-231, PC-12, and MCF-7, were investigated using wavelength and amplitude interrogation techniques. The maximum wavelength sensitivity of 8571.42 nm/RIU was observed for the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with a resolution of 1.17 $\times 10^{-5}$ $\times 10^{- 5}$ . In addition, the maximum amplitude sensitivity of $-$ $-$ 2589.15 RIU $^{-1}$ $^{- 1}$ and a figure of merit (FOM) of 263.73 RIU $^{-1}$ $^{- 1}$ were observed for the MCF-7 cell. This work presents an optimized single-core PCF structure with tailored air hole geometry and comparative plasmonic material evaluation, enabling simplified fabrication and delivering high sensitivity for detecting multiple cancer cell types.