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<p>Early detection of cancer cells is vital for effective treatment and personalized healthcare. This study presents a dual-mode optical biosensor that integrates the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for highly sensitive, label-free detection of cancer cells. The system utilizes a red diode laser, a beam splitter, a polarizer, a high-refractive-index prism, and a quadrant detector to measure lateral beam shifts with high precision. Lung (A549) and colon (LS180) cancer cells were cultured on gold-coated glass substrates, and their interaction with the evanescent field under total internal reflection induced measurable optical responses. Compared to normal lung and colon cells, cancer cells produced greater SPR angle shifts (~ 2.2° for A549, ~ 1.6° for LS180) and GH shifts (~ 6.5&#xa0;μm for A549, ~ 5.8&#xa0;μm for LS180). Refractive index sensitivities reached 220°/RIU (A549) and 160°/RIU (LS180), with detection limits as low as 2.73 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup> RIU. The sensor exhibited stable performance with a detection threshold of ~ 5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells/cm<sup>2</sup>, a FWHM of ~ 1.5°, and SNR of 20:1. Theoretical modeling and MATLAB-based numerical simulations elucidated coupling between SPR and GH modes, validating enhanced sensitivity over conventional SPR. These results highlight the sensor’s potential for rapid, non-invasive discrimination between cancerous and normal cells, offering a promising tool for clinical diagnostics.</p>

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Development of an Optical Biosensor Based on the Goos-Hänchen Shift and Surface Plasmon Resonance for Rapid Detection of Cancer Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月26日

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  • Majid Karimi,
  • Ebrahim Safari,
  • Reza Safaralizadeh,
  • Gholamreza Dehghan

摘要

Early detection of cancer cells is vital for effective treatment and personalized healthcare. This study presents a dual-mode optical biosensor that integrates the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for highly sensitive, label-free detection of cancer cells. The system utilizes a red diode laser, a beam splitter, a polarizer, a high-refractive-index prism, and a quadrant detector to measure lateral beam shifts with high precision. Lung (A549) and colon (LS180) cancer cells were cultured on gold-coated glass substrates, and their interaction with the evanescent field under total internal reflection induced measurable optical responses. Compared to normal lung and colon cells, cancer cells produced greater SPR angle shifts (~ 2.2° for A549, ~ 1.6° for LS180) and GH shifts (~ 6.5 μm for A549, ~ 5.8 μm for LS180). Refractive index sensitivities reached 220°/RIU (A549) and 160°/RIU (LS180), with detection limits as low as 2.73 × 10⁻5 RIU. The sensor exhibited stable performance with a detection threshold of ~ 5 × 105 cells/cm2, a FWHM of ~ 1.5°, and SNR of 20:1. Theoretical modeling and MATLAB-based numerical simulations elucidated coupling between SPR and GH modes, validating enhanced sensitivity over conventional SPR. These results highlight the sensor’s potential for rapid, non-invasive discrimination between cancerous and normal cells, offering a promising tool for clinical diagnostics.