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<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted major limitations in conventional diagnostic methods, including the slow turnaround time of RT-PCR assays and the reduced sensitivity of rapid antigen tests. In response, this study introduces a compact terahertz metasurface sensor that integrates advanced two-dimensional materials for rapid and highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Sensor performance was optimized using COMSOL Multiphysics, with a focus on tuning the graphene chemical potential and incident angle to enhance resonance behavior. The optimized design achieved a sensitivity of 600&#xa0;GHz/RIU and demonstrated strong absorption and electromagnetic field confinement at the resonant frequency of 0.31 THz. The structure exhibited resilience to fabrication-induced variations, ensuring consistent performance. Machine learning validation using the extra trees regressor model yielded 100% prediction accuracy, confirming the system’s robustness. To enhance integration potential, the sensor’s architecture is compatible with field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensing for electrical detection and supports CMOS/VLSI-compatible fabrication, enabling scalable, low-power, chip-level deployment. This advanced optical sensing platform offers a powerful, point-of-care diagnostic solution, especially well-suited for deployment in resource-constrained healthcare environments.</p>

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Advanced FET-Compatible Graphene-Silver-Gold Multilayered High-Sensitivity Biosensor for Rapid COVID-19 Detection with Behavior Prediction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • P. Nagarajan,
  • Shashi Kant Gupta,
  • Sai Kiran Oruganti,
  • U. Arun Kumar

摘要

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted major limitations in conventional diagnostic methods, including the slow turnaround time of RT-PCR assays and the reduced sensitivity of rapid antigen tests. In response, this study introduces a compact terahertz metasurface sensor that integrates advanced two-dimensional materials for rapid and highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Sensor performance was optimized using COMSOL Multiphysics, with a focus on tuning the graphene chemical potential and incident angle to enhance resonance behavior. The optimized design achieved a sensitivity of 600 GHz/RIU and demonstrated strong absorption and electromagnetic field confinement at the resonant frequency of 0.31 THz. The structure exhibited resilience to fabrication-induced variations, ensuring consistent performance. Machine learning validation using the extra trees regressor model yielded 100% prediction accuracy, confirming the system’s robustness. To enhance integration potential, the sensor’s architecture is compatible with field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensing for electrical detection and supports CMOS/VLSI-compatible fabrication, enabling scalable, low-power, chip-level deployment. This advanced optical sensing platform offers a powerful, point-of-care diagnostic solution, especially well-suited for deployment in resource-constrained healthcare environments.