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<p>Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, with typical physiological concentrations from picomolar (PM) to nanomolar (nM) levels. The traditional methods for dopamine detection include capillary electrophoresis, enzyme assays, chromatography, and LC–MS/MS. These techniques came up with the following limitations, such as being time-consuming and expensive and requiring specialized training, limiting accessibility for rapid diagnostics. To report these challenges, we introduce the silver nanorod (AgNR)—a colorimetric aptasensor for the ultra-sensitive detection of dopamine through the localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). LSPR is defined here as a localised surface resonance to ensure technical clarity. Aptamer-functionalized AgNRs respond to dopamine binding, leading to measurable spectral shifts and visible color changes. This interaction prevents the aggregation induced by the salt and causes a blue shift in the LSPR signal. These changes are visually detectable, as the transition of the color transition depends on the concentration from blue to purple, which supports both qualitative and quantitative detection. The aptasensor reached the detection limit of 0.62&#xa0;nM, with a sensitivity of 0.0057 Au/nM, as calculated using the 3σ/s method. The sensor also demonstrated excellent specificity against common interference, such as sucrose and ascorbic acid, as well as robust thermal stability across physiological temperature ranges. These results confirm the high sensitivity and reliability of the aptasensor. The system can be used to detect elevated dopamine levels in clinical and biomedical contexts. Although the current detection range (10–1000&#xa0;nM) does not reach the basic physiological levels of PM, it is relevant to monitoring stimulated or pathological increases in dopamine concentrations.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Schematic representation of dopamine detection via AgNR-based colorimetric aptasensor; the upper panel shows that in the absence of dopamine, aptamer-functionalized AgNRs aggregate after adding the NaCl, producing a visible pink color and signal LSPR with a red shift. Sucrose, which is used as a non-target control, does not inhibit this aggregation. The lower panel shows that in the presence of dopamine, AgNRs were stabilized by the binding of the dopamine to the aptamer and prevented the aggregation of the induced salt. This results in minimal color change and LSPR peak with a blue shift. The system allows simple detection of dopamine without labels through a visible change in color and modulation of LSPR.</p> <p></p>

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Nanoengineered Silver Nanorod Aptasensor for Ultra-Sensitive Colorimetric Dopamine Detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Md Anish Alam,
  • Agampreet Singh Dadial,
  • Tabassum Hussain,
  • Neha Akhlaque,
  • Tasmiya Sana

摘要

Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, with typical physiological concentrations from picomolar (PM) to nanomolar (nM) levels. The traditional methods for dopamine detection include capillary electrophoresis, enzyme assays, chromatography, and LC–MS/MS. These techniques came up with the following limitations, such as being time-consuming and expensive and requiring specialized training, limiting accessibility for rapid diagnostics. To report these challenges, we introduce the silver nanorod (AgNR)—a colorimetric aptasensor for the ultra-sensitive detection of dopamine through the localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). LSPR is defined here as a localised surface resonance to ensure technical clarity. Aptamer-functionalized AgNRs respond to dopamine binding, leading to measurable spectral shifts and visible color changes. This interaction prevents the aggregation induced by the salt and causes a blue shift in the LSPR signal. These changes are visually detectable, as the transition of the color transition depends on the concentration from blue to purple, which supports both qualitative and quantitative detection. The aptasensor reached the detection limit of 0.62 nM, with a sensitivity of 0.0057 Au/nM, as calculated using the 3σ/s method. The sensor also demonstrated excellent specificity against common interference, such as sucrose and ascorbic acid, as well as robust thermal stability across physiological temperature ranges. These results confirm the high sensitivity and reliability of the aptasensor. The system can be used to detect elevated dopamine levels in clinical and biomedical contexts. Although the current detection range (10–1000 nM) does not reach the basic physiological levels of PM, it is relevant to monitoring stimulated or pathological increases in dopamine concentrations.

Graphical Abstract

Schematic representation of dopamine detection via AgNR-based colorimetric aptasensor; the upper panel shows that in the absence of dopamine, aptamer-functionalized AgNRs aggregate after adding the NaCl, producing a visible pink color and signal LSPR with a red shift. Sucrose, which is used as a non-target control, does not inhibit this aggregation. The lower panel shows that in the presence of dopamine, AgNRs were stabilized by the binding of the dopamine to the aptamer and prevented the aggregation of the induced salt. This results in minimal color change and LSPR peak with a blue shift. The system allows simple detection of dopamine without labels through a visible change in color and modulation of LSPR.