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<p>Enhancing the ability of solar cells to capture solar photons and improve light absorption plays a crucial role in increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. This study proposes an innovative thin-film solar cell structure that integrates photonic crystals, gratings, and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to form a highly efficient optical architecture. By designing a light-trapping structure (LTS) consisting of periodically arranged grating ITO and photonic crystal TiO₂ on the top layer of the CdTe thin-film solar cell, and embedding Au NPs within the CdTe absorption layer, the optical path length of light within the cell is effectively extended, enhancing the interaction between light and the absorbing material. This paper conducts coupled optical and electrical simulations, and the results show that the proposed structure achieves nearly perfect light absorption in the visible spectrum, demonstrating excellent short-circuit current density (<i>J</i><sub><i>s</i>c</sub>) and PCE performance. Compared to the unoptimized cell, the <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> increases by 5.422&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and the PCE improves by 7.932%. This achievement not only surpasses the performance level of conventional thin-film solar cells but also opens new possibilities for more efficient and environmentally friendly solar energy utilization.</p>

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Research of Light Absorption and Efficiency of Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on the Synergistic Effect of Photonic Crystals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Jinxin Liang,
  • Jun Zhu

摘要

Enhancing the ability of solar cells to capture solar photons and improve light absorption plays a crucial role in increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. This study proposes an innovative thin-film solar cell structure that integrates photonic crystals, gratings, and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to form a highly efficient optical architecture. By designing a light-trapping structure (LTS) consisting of periodically arranged grating ITO and photonic crystal TiO₂ on the top layer of the CdTe thin-film solar cell, and embedding Au NPs within the CdTe absorption layer, the optical path length of light within the cell is effectively extended, enhancing the interaction between light and the absorbing material. This paper conducts coupled optical and electrical simulations, and the results show that the proposed structure achieves nearly perfect light absorption in the visible spectrum, demonstrating excellent short-circuit current density (Jsc) and PCE performance. Compared to the unoptimized cell, the Jsc increases by 5.422 mA/cm2 and the PCE improves by 7.932%. This achievement not only surpasses the performance level of conventional thin-film solar cells but also opens new possibilities for more efficient and environmentally friendly solar energy utilization.