<p>In this work, the design and optimization of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is reported by examining the thickness of the silver (Ag) layer and the efficiency of refractive index fluctuations to detect biomolecules. In addition to evaluating the important parameters like sensitivity, quality factor (QF), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and Figure of Merit (FoM), the study investigates the thickness of the Ag layer. The sensor performance in biomolecule detection includes the high dielectric, such as iron (III) oxide, which should be included in this framework. We also studied with special significance graphene, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, and black phosphorus. Its performance is evaluated in the angular interrogation methodology and transfer matrix method at 633nm wavelengths. The study evaluates the performance of the sensor using the biomolecule at different concentrations. Among the experimental results, a sensitivity of 318.18°⁄RIU, a QF of 135.151 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2990_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\text{RIU}}^{-1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mtext>RIU</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, a SNR of 4.054, an FoM of 92.35 <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2990_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\text{RIU}}^{-1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mtext>RIU</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and a combined sensitive factor of 81.340 are all evidence thereof. This represents how new 2D materials and SPR technology will be integrated in the future to develop advanced biomedical sensors for applications in healthcare and disease diagnosis.</p>

Highly Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Utilizing Black Phosphorus and Iron Sesquioxide for Real-Time Biomolecule Detection

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发表日期：

2025年6月18日

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Yellanki Ooha,
Yesudasu Vasimalla,
Mokkapati Ravikumar,
Balaji Ramachandran,
Santosh Kumar

摘要

In this work, the design and optimization of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is reported by examining the thickness of the silver (Ag) layer and the efficiency of refractive index fluctuations to detect biomolecules. In addition to evaluating the important parameters like sensitivity, quality factor (QF), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and Figure of Merit (FoM), the study investigates the thickness of the Ag layer. The sensor performance in biomolecule detection includes the high dielectric, such as iron (III) oxide, which should be included in this framework. We also studied with special significance graphene, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, and black phosphorus. Its performance is evaluated in the angular interrogation methodology and transfer matrix method at 633nm wavelengths. The study evaluates the performance of the sensor using the biomolecule at different concentrations. Among the experimental results, a sensitivity of 318.18°⁄RIU, a QF of 135.151 ${\text{RIU}}^{-1}$ ${RIU}^{- 1}$ , a SNR of 4.054, an FoM of 92.35 ${\text{RIU}}^{-1}$ ${RIU}^{- 1}$ , and a combined sensitive factor of 81.340 are all evidence thereof. This represents how new 2D materials and SPR technology will be integrated in the future to develop advanced biomedical sensors for applications in healthcare and disease diagnosis.