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<p>Milk adulteration poses significant threat to food safety and public health, more likely dangerous to children’s health and pregnant women. Adulterations include urea, starch, detergent, and synthetic chemicals are usually added for financial growth as an alternate for preservatives. Therefore, this article presents a label-free nano biosensor in form of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for sensing fat concentration in milk. The Kretschmann configuration is used to offer the advancement of surface plasmon excitation with help of silver (Ag). Also, barium gallium sulfide and cadmium gallium sulfide are used to protect Ag’s oxidization and also boost the sensor’s performance. The output performance of the sensor is analyzed by transfer matrix method at a 633&#xa0;nm wavelength for different 2D materials, including BP, BlueP/WSe₂, BlueP/MoSe₂, BlueP/MoS₂, and BlueP/WS₂. Results declare that the obtained maximum sensing parameters are a sensitivity of 433.027°/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 310.12 RIU⁻<sup>1</sup>. In addition to that, the fabrication procedures that can use to develop the experimental execution are comprehensively discussed. Our proposed sensor structure design results demonstrated that the non-invasive SPR biosensor device is highly promising for use in the food industries to detect various contaminants, hence safeguarding milk quality and to ensure consumer safety while lowering health risks.</p>

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A Novel Approach for Enhanced Detection of Fat Concentration in Milk Using a Label-Free Nano Biosensor Employing Barium and Cadmium Gallium Sulfide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月7日

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  • Ch. Chaitanya Anjali,
  • Yesudasu Vasimalla,
  • S. R. Srither,
  • Balaji Ramachandran,
  • Chella Santhosh,
  • Kodivendla Babu,
  • Santosh Kumar

摘要

Milk adulteration poses significant threat to food safety and public health, more likely dangerous to children’s health and pregnant women. Adulterations include urea, starch, detergent, and synthetic chemicals are usually added for financial growth as an alternate for preservatives. Therefore, this article presents a label-free nano biosensor in form of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for sensing fat concentration in milk. The Kretschmann configuration is used to offer the advancement of surface plasmon excitation with help of silver (Ag). Also, barium gallium sulfide and cadmium gallium sulfide are used to protect Ag’s oxidization and also boost the sensor’s performance. The output performance of the sensor is analyzed by transfer matrix method at a 633 nm wavelength for different 2D materials, including BP, BlueP/WSe₂, BlueP/MoSe₂, BlueP/MoS₂, and BlueP/WS₂. Results declare that the obtained maximum sensing parameters are a sensitivity of 433.027°/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 310.12 RIU⁻1. In addition to that, the fabrication procedures that can use to develop the experimental execution are comprehensively discussed. Our proposed sensor structure design results demonstrated that the non-invasive SPR biosensor device is highly promising for use in the food industries to detect various contaminants, hence safeguarding milk quality and to ensure consumer safety while lowering health risks.