Colorectal cancer affects the human body by interfering with the colons’ or rectums’ regular operation; this disturbance leads to the aberrant proliferation of cells called polyps which over time may develop into cancer. Therefore, this paper presents an ingenious boron nitride (BN) integrated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for early colorectal cancer detection employing silver (Ag), MXene, and two dimensional (2D) materials like black phosphorus (BP) and graphene. In this study, the sensor model utilized the Kretschmann configuration, a common setup for detecting a biomolecule, where it comprises a metal film like Ag over the surface to excite the surface plasmons. The proposed sensor is analysed using the transfer matrix method and angular interrogation techniques at a wavelength of 633 nm. Initially, an optimization process is conducted to determine the ideal thickness of both BN and the Ag layers, aiming to achieve maximum sensitivity while minimizing reflectance (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2844_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${R}_{min})$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">min</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Subsequently, the influence of this configuration is analysed by assessing its sensitivity conduct against various other specified layer configurations. Additionally, the optimal sensing characteristics of the SPR sensor are reported for colorectal cancer detection with RI of 1.335, 1.344, 1.345, 1.346 and 1.347. Ultimately, the findings reveal remarkable outcomes, showcasing a sensitivity of 272.27°/RIU, a quality factor (QF) of 64.024 RIU⁻1, and a detection accuracy (DA) of 0.7683, attributed to the precise design of the developed structures. These results indicate a significant enhancement compared to previous studies.

High-Performance Boron Nitride-Integrated SPR Biosensor for Colorectal Cancer Detection: Design and Optimization

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发表日期：

2025年2月28日

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Gundala Vasanthi,
Balaji Ramachandran,
Yesudasu Vasimalla,
Santosh Kumar

摘要

Colorectal cancer affects the human body by interfering with the colons’ or rectums’ regular operation; this disturbance leads to the aberrant proliferation of cells called polyps which over time may develop into cancer. Therefore, this paper presents an ingenious boron nitride (BN) integrated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for early colorectal cancer detection employing silver (Ag), MXene, and two dimensional (2D) materials like black phosphorus (BP) and graphene. In this study, the sensor model utilized the Kretschmann configuration, a common setup for detecting a biomolecule, where it comprises a metal film like Ag over the surface to excite the surface plasmons. The proposed sensor is analysed using the transfer matrix method and angular interrogation techniques at a wavelength of 633 nm. Initially, an optimization process is conducted to determine the ideal thickness of both BN and the Ag layers, aiming to achieve maximum sensitivity while minimizing reflectance ( ${R}_{min})$ $R_{\min})$ . Subsequently, the influence of this configuration is analysed by assessing its sensitivity conduct against various other specified layer configurations. Additionally, the optimal sensing characteristics of the SPR sensor are reported for colorectal cancer detection with RI of 1.335, 1.344, 1.345, 1.346 and 1.347. Ultimately, the findings reveal remarkable outcomes, showcasing a sensitivity of 272.27°/RIU, a quality factor (QF) of 64.024 RIU⁻¹, and a detection accuracy (DA) of 0.7683, attributed to the precise design of the developed structures. These results indicate a significant enhancement compared to previous studies.