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<p> Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowders were prepared using a hydrothermal technique in homemade reactors of different dimensions, to study the effect of the surface area of the reactors on the properties of the produced nanopowders. Three reactors with the same capacity but different diameters were used: A (55&#xa0;mm: 130&#xa0;mm), B (65&#xa0;mm: 100&#xa0;mm), and C (75&#xa0;mm: 80&#xa0;mm). The samples were analyzed using multiple techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-effect resonance spectroscopy (Raman), and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results showed that increasing the diameter of the reactor leads to a decrease in the size of the nanopowders, with an improvement in the crystallinity and structural properties observed with increasing the diameter. Moreover, the images taken by FE-SEM showed hexagonal formations with varying particle sizes depending on the reactor design. XRD analysis results also showed that the nanopowders have a wurtzite structure with high crystal density. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy measurements showed changes in the dispersion properties depending on the reactor dimensions. Overall, this study contributes to the improvement of the fabrication processes of ZnO nanopowders with optimal properties for use in environmental and electronic applications.</p>

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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Using Varied Reactor Designs: A Comparative Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月18日

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  • Mohammed H. Jawad,
  • Ahmed A. Assi,
  • Ahmed M. Hameed

摘要

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowders were prepared using a hydrothermal technique in homemade reactors of different dimensions, to study the effect of the surface area of the reactors on the properties of the produced nanopowders. Three reactors with the same capacity but different diameters were used: A (55 mm: 130 mm), B (65 mm: 100 mm), and C (75 mm: 80 mm). The samples were analyzed using multiple techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-effect resonance spectroscopy (Raman), and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results showed that increasing the diameter of the reactor leads to a decrease in the size of the nanopowders, with an improvement in the crystallinity and structural properties observed with increasing the diameter. Moreover, the images taken by FE-SEM showed hexagonal formations with varying particle sizes depending on the reactor design. XRD analysis results also showed that the nanopowders have a wurtzite structure with high crystal density. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy measurements showed changes in the dispersion properties depending on the reactor dimensions. Overall, this study contributes to the improvement of the fabrication processes of ZnO nanopowders with optimal properties for use in environmental and electronic applications.