<p>Significant advancements have been made in optical fiber sensing in recent years, particularly in areas such as biological testing, environmental monitoring and the detection of toxic and combustible gases. This study investigates the use of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for multiple gas detection. An SPR-based sensor is feasible when surface plasmon materials are combined with an organized network of air holes. While various gas detection methods have been proposed, this sensor offers several advantages, including the ability to detect multiple gases with a single, cost-effective sensor. Three sensor models A, B and C are presented, designed for dual and triple gas sensing. The gases investigated include <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2772_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$CH_4$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2772_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$H_2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2772_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$H_2S$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance where these three gases are detected simultaneously using a single sensor. Model A and Model C each provide the highest wavelength sensitivity of 0.1 nm/% for <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2772_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$CH_4$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and Model A offers the maximum amplitude sensitivity of 1.11 dB/cm/% for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2772_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$CH_4$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2772_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$H_2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Model C achieves a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 0.1 nm/% and Model B shows an amplitude sensitivity of 0.48 dB/cm/%. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11468_2025_2772_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$H_2S$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, Models A and C both provide a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 0.1 nm/5ppm, while Model B achieves a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 0.03 dB/cm/5ppm.</p>

Multiple Gas Detection using Multi-channel SPR based PCF with Compound Film-Coated Side-Holes

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年3月3日

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Tabassom Rahman Aishy,
Md Jahirul Islam,
Md Rejvi Kaysir

摘要

Significant advancements have been made in optical fiber sensing in recent years, particularly in areas such as biological testing, environmental monitoring and the detection of toxic and combustible gases. This study investigates the use of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for multiple gas detection. An SPR-based sensor is feasible when surface plasmon materials are combined with an organized network of air holes. While various gas detection methods have been proposed, this sensor offers several advantages, including the ability to detect multiple gases with a single, cost-effective sensor. Three sensor models A, B and C are presented, designed for dual and triple gas sensing. The gases investigated include $CH_4$ $C H_{4}$ , $H_2$ $H_{2}$ and $H_2S$ $H_{2} S$ . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance where these three gases are detected simultaneously using a single sensor. Model A and Model C each provide the highest wavelength sensitivity of 0.1 nm/% for $CH_4$ $C H_{4}$ and Model A offers the maximum amplitude sensitivity of 1.11 dB/cm/% for $CH_4$ $C H_{4}$ . For $H_2$ $H_{2}$ Model C achieves a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 0.1 nm/% and Model B shows an amplitude sensitivity of 0.48 dB/cm/%. For $H_2S$ $H_{2} S$ , Models A and C both provide a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 0.1 nm/5ppm, while Model B achieves a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 0.03 dB/cm/5ppm.