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<p>Breast cancer, particularly in cell lines such as MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7, remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Timely detection of these cancerous cells is crucial for saving lives. However, existing detection systems often face challenges, including high costs, limited sensitivity, and prolonged processing times. To address these limitations, this study introduces a novel surface plasmon resonance sensor that offers a cost-effective, rapid, and accurate sensing capability. The proposed sensor employs a high-efficiency design based on perovskite (PVK) integrated with graphene layers. The nanostructure comprises a prism (PS)/Ag/TiO₂/PVK/graphene/sensing medium (SM). The results demonstrate that the SPR sensor with the PVK layer significantly outperforms conventional designs without the PVK layer. Furthermore, optimization of the Ag, PVK, TiO₂, and graphene layer thicknesses yielded superior performance, achieving sensitivities of 363.57°/RIU and 377.85°/RIU for MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. These sensitivities were achieved using 60&#xa0;nm of Ag, 2.5&#xa0;nm of TiO₂, 2&#xa0;nm of PVK, and one graphene sheet (<i>G</i> = 1). Overall, the proposed SPR sensor structure presents a highly promising approach for developing next-generation, highly sensitive biosensing tools in cancer diagnostics.</p>

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Theoretical Optimization of Silver-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Perovskite and Graphene Composite Structure for the Rapid Detection of Breast Cancer Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月6日

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  • Hussein S. Gumaih,
  • Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani,
  • Malek G. Daher,
  • Yousif S. Adam,
  • Sofyan A. Taya,
  • Yogenra Kumar Prajapati

摘要

Breast cancer, particularly in cell lines such as MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7, remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Timely detection of these cancerous cells is crucial for saving lives. However, existing detection systems often face challenges, including high costs, limited sensitivity, and prolonged processing times. To address these limitations, this study introduces a novel surface plasmon resonance sensor that offers a cost-effective, rapid, and accurate sensing capability. The proposed sensor employs a high-efficiency design based on perovskite (PVK) integrated with graphene layers. The nanostructure comprises a prism (PS)/Ag/TiO₂/PVK/graphene/sensing medium (SM). The results demonstrate that the SPR sensor with the PVK layer significantly outperforms conventional designs without the PVK layer. Furthermore, optimization of the Ag, PVK, TiO₂, and graphene layer thicknesses yielded superior performance, achieving sensitivities of 363.57°/RIU and 377.85°/RIU for MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. These sensitivities were achieved using 60 nm of Ag, 2.5 nm of TiO₂, 2 nm of PVK, and one graphene sheet (G = 1). Overall, the proposed SPR sensor structure presents a highly promising approach for developing next-generation, highly sensitive biosensing tools in cancer diagnostics.