<p>In recent years, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has seen significant advancements and has been widely applied. Featuring a label-free detection approach with real-time monitoring, precise with cost-effective results, and low sample needs, this technology is widely used in sectors like bio-molecular sensing, environmental monitoring, food safety, clinical diagnostics, and biomedical applications. This paper attempts to review the fundamental principles of surface plasmon resonance, detailing its sensing mechanism through various configurations, and exploring its global market growth. It then delves into recent advancements in SPR technology, addressing some of the challenges faced, with a focus on innovative design approaches, multi-modal sensing platforms, engineered nanostructure surfaces, and the integration of smart materials and heterostructures. Finally concludes by discussing future directions in the field, highlighting the importance of ongoing innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration in SPR technology. With a strong belief, this could be a valuable resource for both beginners and industry professionals involved in plasmonic research.</p>