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<p>Typhoid and tuberculosis (TB) are potentially fatal infectious diseases worldwide but more threatening in developing countries due to lack of an efficient health infrastructure. Clinically, there is a need to differentiate these two pathological conditions to avoid their misdiagnosis as they exhibit similarity in symptoms. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) serve as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for enhancing Raman signals of filtrate parts of blood serum samples of typhoid and TB patients obtained by using 50&#xa0;kDa filtration devices. Valuable biochemical information is present as biomarkers in blood serum that comprises of higher and lower molecular weight fractions but centrifugation by 50&#xa0;kDa filtration devices results in low molecular weight filtrates comprising of biomarkers, essential for early disease diagnosis, which otherwise are difficult to detect due to suppression by larger molecules. Statistical methodology of principal component analysis (PCA) is also implemented for spectral data analysis in order to diagnose and compare typhoid and TB types for the characterization of the chemical changes that occur in different biological processes during the occurrence of the two pathogenic diseases. PCA efficiently provided qualitative differentiation for data sets of SERS spectra of various classes of 50&#xa0;kDa filtrate.</p>

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SERS-Based Comparison of Serum Filtrate Portions of Typhoid and Tuberculosis Patients Obtained Using 50 kDa Filtration Devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月11日

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  • Aysha Maryam,
  • Maida Ehsan,
  • Muhammad Irfan Majeed,
  • Haq Nawaz,
  • Nosheen Rashid,
  • Abdulrahman Alshammari,
  • Norah A. Albekairi,
  • Arslan Ali,
  • Muhammad Suleman Hassan,
  • Ayesha Saif,
  • Irhum Liaqat,
  • Fatima Khalid,
  • Muhammad Abu Bakar

摘要

Typhoid and tuberculosis (TB) are potentially fatal infectious diseases worldwide but more threatening in developing countries due to lack of an efficient health infrastructure. Clinically, there is a need to differentiate these two pathological conditions to avoid their misdiagnosis as they exhibit similarity in symptoms. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) serve as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for enhancing Raman signals of filtrate parts of blood serum samples of typhoid and TB patients obtained by using 50 kDa filtration devices. Valuable biochemical information is present as biomarkers in blood serum that comprises of higher and lower molecular weight fractions but centrifugation by 50 kDa filtration devices results in low molecular weight filtrates comprising of biomarkers, essential for early disease diagnosis, which otherwise are difficult to detect due to suppression by larger molecules. Statistical methodology of principal component analysis (PCA) is also implemented for spectral data analysis in order to diagnose and compare typhoid and TB types for the characterization of the chemical changes that occur in different biological processes during the occurrence of the two pathogenic diseases. PCA efficiently provided qualitative differentiation for data sets of SERS spectra of various classes of 50 kDa filtrate.