Development of 2D Materials-based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for the Detection of Healthy and Pathological Tissues

This study analyzed the non-monotonic behavior for the refractive index (RI) of healthy and pathological tissues by a visible regime wavelength (633 nm). A typical wavelength dependence like this indicates the presence of normal and tumor tissues. An angular interrogation method–based biosensor for colorectal (normal and tumor tissue) detection is presented in this investigation along with its design, simulation, and performance analysis. Silver (Ag), hafnium diselenide (HfSe₂), and TMDCs (MoS₂, MoSe₂, WS₂, and WSe₂) are combined synergistically in the sensor structure. To optimize the sensor’s performance parameters, a thorough parametric analysis was carried out. For the analyzed structure, the Ag layer thickness of 41 nm to 46 nm has the maximum sensitivity of 326.12°/RIU, 338.84°/RIU, 396.6°/RIU, and 391.67°/RIU with MoS₂, MoSe₂, WS₂, and WSe₂ layer, respectively. The proposed SPR sensor with enhanced sensitivity and figure of merit (FoM) is a suitable for the early diagnosis of several types of cancers.