Biosensor Performance Signature Enhancement with Silver-MXene-Graphene for Brain Tumor Diagnosis Through the Employment of Surface Plasmon Resonance

In this work, we present a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based photonic biosensor for the detection and differentiation of healthy and infected brain tissues, including lesions, tumors, and malignant tissues. The biosensor design incorporates a BK-7 prism, silver (Ag), MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x), and graphene. Silver serves as the plasmonic material, coated on the prism’s flat surface to enhance plasmon generation, assisted by MXene and graphene for improved sensing performance. Extensive analysis and investigation have been conducted to leverage the unique characteristics of graphene and MXene in the design of this highly sensitive biosensor. The biosensor’s performance has been evaluated in terms of sensitivity, with remarkable results. The proposed biosensor demonstrates an exceptionally high sensitivity (S) of 240 \(^\circ\) $_{}^{\circ }$ /RIU, detection accuracy of 0.1984 \(^\circ\) $_{}^{\circ }$ , and figure of merit (FoM) of 47.81/RIU. These findings confirm the biosensor’s reliability and effectiveness in accurately identifying various brain tumor tissues.