Design and Optimization of a MXene-Based Terahertz Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Malaria Detection

Developing sensitive and specific methods for detecting malaria is a substantial challenge in biomedical research. Here, we introduce a novel approach utilizing a metasurface sensor based on graphene for the detection of malaria. Modelled on a silicon dioxide (SiO₂) substrate, this sensor allows seamless integration with current electronic and optical technologies. The sensor design incorporates square and quadrant-based resonators, optimized through comprehensive parametric analysis to assess their geometric effects on sensor performance. The results demonstrate an enhanced sensitivity of 600 GHzRIU⁻¹. Analysis of the electric field illustrates frequency-dependent transmittance properties, alongside promising 2-bit encoding capabilities. Furthermore, the research establishes a direct correlation between resonance frequency, refractive index, and analyte concentration. This sensor offers a promising avenue for swift, precise, and non-invasive malaria detection, potentially enhancing point-of-care diagnostic capabilities in healthcare settings.