Enhancing Precision in Fuel Adulteration Detection: Utilizing a Wavelength Interrogation Surface Plasmon Resonance Approach

A multilayer surface plasmon resonance biosensor has been proposed to detect adulteration in the fuel. The quality of the fuel must ensure the best performance of the engine. The silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), and cerium oxide (CeO₂) layer prism-based multilayer configurations have been proposed for adulteration in the fuel. The proposed sensor can detect adulteration in petrochemicals such as diesel, petrol, and kerosene. The wavelength interrogation technique has been used for the detection of petrochemicals. The optimized thickness of Ag, ZnO, and CeO₂ has been taken at 45 nm, 2 nm, and 2 nm, respectively. The performance parameters sensitivity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), figure of merit (FoM), detection accuracy (DA), and limit of detection (LoD) have been measured for the diesel, petrol, and kerosene. The highest sensitivity of 3269.4 nm/RIU, minimum FWHM of 140, and maximum DA of 7.1 were obtained for diesel and petrol, respectively.