Terahertz Optical Ultrasensitive Glucose Detection Using Graphene and Silver Surface Plasmon Resonance Metasurfaces for Biomedical Applications

Biomedical sensing applications can leverage the non-invasive and label-free characteristics of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. In this research, we propose a biosensor that employs THz waves for highly sensitive detection of urine glucose levels. The biosensor incorporates a metasurface composed of graphene and silver, capitalizing on their complementary effects to enhance sensing performance. The proposed sensor design demonstrates unprecedented performance with an optimal sensitivity of 1000 GHz/RIU. Furthermore, a well-established linear fitting curve yields somewhat satisfactory R² scores of 0.84198 and 0.8381 for distinct aspects of the sensor’s performance. Notably, the sensor exhibits exceptional metrics, with the lowest figure of merit (FOM) value recorded at 0.393 RIU⁻¹. These remarkable aspects collectively highlight the sensor’s advanced capabilities, positioning it as a promising tool for medical applications.