MXene-Graphene-MXene–Mediated Heterostructure-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for the Detection of Leptospirosis Bacteria in Rodent Urine

In this article, we have designed a graphene mediated heterostructure (MXene-graphene-MXene) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for the sensing of leptospirosis bacteria in rodent urine. The polyuria and oliguria signify the low and high concentration of leptospirosis bacteria in rodent urine. Kretschmann configuration is used for sensor design, and transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to model the sensor for reflectivity calculation. Angular interrogation is used to plot SPR curves at characteristic wavelength of 633 nm. First, constituent layers of the proposed sensor are optimized to obtain high sensitivity, detection accuracy (DA), figure of merit (FoM), electric field intensity enhancement factor (EFIEF), and penetration depth (PD). The maximum sensitivity of 214.51°/RIU and 211.71°/RIU is achieved for the detection of polyuria and oliguria, respectively. COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software is used to evaluate field distribution at various layer interface using 1D, 2D plots, and SPPs mode.