Investigation of Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of Fe and Co/Fe Dual-Doping Zn₂SnO₄ Nanoparticles Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method for Biomedical Application

Zinc stannate (ZTO) has garnered a lot of attention lately for use in biological applications because it is non-toxic and biocompatible. A hydrothermal process was used to synthesize pure ZTO, ZTO doped with Fe, and ZTO: Co/Fe co-doping for 20 h at 200 °C. Every sample has a spinel-type arrangement, according to XRD patterns. An FE-SEM image revealed the spherical morphology. Transmittance of all samples was measured by using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. Their energy gaps were 3.72, 3.6, 3.0, 3.3, and 3.7 eV for pure, ZTO: Fe doping with concentrations of 1, 3, and 5% and 1%Co/3%Fe co-doping ZTO, respectively. The (MIC) and (MBC) showed the 5% Fe: ZTO NPs doping in volumetric dilution 3.125% and 12.5% was more effective against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from other samples. Zone of inhibition was used to assess ZTO NPs’ antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli. The test showed that ZTO NPs at three different concentrations had significantly more antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria than against gram-negative bacteria.