Enhanced Characteristics of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Pollutant Degradation via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

In this work, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully created via utilizing pulsed laser ablation in deionized water. Utilizing Nd: YAG laser with various wavelengths (532, 1064 nm) and laser fluencies (22, 23, 26 J/cm²). The generated nanoparticles’ structure and optical characteristics were investigated. The nanoparticles were studied by utilizing UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), magnetization hysteresis loop, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). The values of Fe₃O₄ NPs’ optical bandgap were 2.4 eV for laser wavelength 1064 nm and 2.5 eV for laser wavelength 532 nm. The obtained nanoparticles exhibited high saturation magnetization (45 and 60 emu/g) for the synthesis nanoparticles at the laser wavelengths 1064 and 532 nm, respectively. The results of XRD exhibited the production of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and have high purity crystalline with a cubic spinel structure. The results of SEM showed crystals morphologically and a uniform size distribution of the synthesis NPs with average sizes of about (65 and 30 nm) for the synthesis nanoparticles at the laser wavelengths 1064 and 532 nm, respectively. This study focuses on the preparation, properties, and application of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized through PLAIL for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation processes and the antibacterial activity of the prepared nanoparticles against Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus. The PLAIL method enables the production of tunable iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with controlled size, morphology, and surface properties. The experimental setup, synthesis procedure, characterization techniques, photo-catalytic performance, and antibacterial activity are discussed. The results highlight the significance of PLAIL-synthesized IONPs in damage and inhibit bacterial growth, pollutant degradation, and the potential for future environmental remediation applications.