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<p>As crucial water quality indices, the magnitudes, variation trends, and influencing factors of riverine dissolved oxygen (DO) for different geographic features of rivers (e.g., stream order and location characteristics) are regulated by interacting natural drivers in time and space; however, these interactions remain largely unclear. Based on data obtained from 3293 monitoring sites across China during 2020–2022, we constructed random forest models and structural equation models to explore the drivers of riverine DO associated with meteorological and geographical factors. The results revealed higher DO in large rivers (8.612 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and lake/reservoir outlets (9.216 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and lower DO in headwater streams (8.397 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and estuaries (8.278 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). Temperature was identified as a key DO driver, followed by latitude and shortwave solar radiation for most stream orders and location characteristics. Diverse and complex drivers of DO for different geographic features of rivers emphasize that China’s water quality would further benefit from more flexible strategies for maintaining water security and ecosystem health.</p>

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Influencing mechanisms of natural factors for riverine dissolved oxygen differ under various geographic features of rivers across China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Wenpan Li,
  • Yajie Zhang,
  • Nanyan Weng,
  • Hanxiao Zhang,
  • Chunzi Ma,
  • Wei Tan,
  • Shouliang Huo

摘要

As crucial water quality indices, the magnitudes, variation trends, and influencing factors of riverine dissolved oxygen (DO) for different geographic features of rivers (e.g., stream order and location characteristics) are regulated by interacting natural drivers in time and space; however, these interactions remain largely unclear. Based on data obtained from 3293 monitoring sites across China during 2020–2022, we constructed random forest models and structural equation models to explore the drivers of riverine DO associated with meteorological and geographical factors. The results revealed higher DO in large rivers (8.612 mg L−1) and lake/reservoir outlets (9.216 mg L−1) and lower DO in headwater streams (8.397 mg L−1) and estuaries (8.278 mg L−1). Temperature was identified as a key DO driver, followed by latitude and shortwave solar radiation for most stream orders and location characteristics. Diverse and complex drivers of DO for different geographic features of rivers emphasize that China’s water quality would further benefit from more flexible strategies for maintaining water security and ecosystem health.