<p>The Himalayas, as a global biodiversity hotspot, are crucial for the sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and South Asia. In this study, the effects of human activity expansion on habitat fragmentation were investigated. Although the encroachment on ecological space in the Himalayas is mainly due to the expansion of cultivated land, in India and Pakistan, human activities affect mainly woodlands, whereas in Nepal and Bhutan, they affect mainly grasslands. Moreover, anthropogenic activities have a more significant impact on agriculture-driven regions such as Nepal, Bhutan, South Xizang, and Sikkim. Finally, the expansion of anthropogenic activities in areas unsuitable for urban and rural development may lead to more severe ecological consequences. Therefore, the expansion of anthropogenic activities in rural areas of the Himalayas warrants careful attention, especially in regions that are not suitable for such development.</p>