Spatio-temporal variation and driving factors of wind and water compound erosion in the black soil region of northeastern China
摘要
Wind and water compound erosion (WWCE) has aggregated the hazards of soil erosion on cropland in the black soil region of northeastern China. The present study employed novel methodology to characterize the spatio-temporal variations in WWCE at the regional scale, using a classification scheme consisting of four levels and three types based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ). The results showed that between 2001 and 2020, wind-dominated compound erosion (WIDCE) was the dominant type of WWCE, with the relative area decreasing from 73.3% to 55.5%. The significant (p<0.05) driving factors of spatial variation in WWCE included wind speed, precipitation, air temperature, slope gradient, and elevation in 2001, while the anthropogenic factor of land use/land cover was included since 2010. The total area of WWCE and WIDCE decreased initially and then increased from 2001 to 2020, while water-dominated compound erosion (WDCE) and wind-water equivalent compound erosion (WWECE) showed increasing trends during this period. The Moderate and Intensive degree areas of WIDCE, WDCE, and WWECE showed dramatic increases from 2001 to 2020. The implications are discussed, and hotspots are identified for the improvement of future soil and water conservation measures in the black soil region of northeastern China.