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<p>Urban agglomerations, representing a high-level organizational form of urbanization, play an increasingly vital role in promoting sustainable development. These regions attract substantial population inflows due to their robust economic foundations and advanced public service facilities. To assess this dynamic, an evaluation index system for urban sustainable development goals (SDGs) was constructed based on the United Nations SDGs framework. Using three representative urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Chengdu-Chongqing (CY) in China as case studies, this research explores the realization of SDGs since the construction of the urban agglomerations and its coupling with population changes by combining multifactorial analysis and the coupling coordination degree model. Results reveal that SDG scores in these cities have increased by an average of 25.33% since 2005. Scores in central cities are significantly higher than the average, and the gap between cities is narrowing. However, there are still trade-offs among some of the goals. Additionally, the process of SDGs realization in core cities with large populations is largely coordinated with population growth. The findings provide a reference for urban agglomerations to adopt cross-regional collaborative governance measures to achieve the SDGs.</p>

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Establishment of urban agglomerations has enabled more people to benefit from sustainable development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Zhongxu Zhao,
  • Ying Pan,
  • Junxi Wu,
  • Lizhi Jia

摘要

Urban agglomerations, representing a high-level organizational form of urbanization, play an increasingly vital role in promoting sustainable development. These regions attract substantial population inflows due to their robust economic foundations and advanced public service facilities. To assess this dynamic, an evaluation index system for urban sustainable development goals (SDGs) was constructed based on the United Nations SDGs framework. Using three representative urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Chengdu-Chongqing (CY) in China as case studies, this research explores the realization of SDGs since the construction of the urban agglomerations and its coupling with population changes by combining multifactorial analysis and the coupling coordination degree model. Results reveal that SDG scores in these cities have increased by an average of 25.33% since 2005. Scores in central cities are significantly higher than the average, and the gap between cities is narrowing. However, there are still trade-offs among some of the goals. Additionally, the process of SDGs realization in core cities with large populations is largely coordinated with population growth. The findings provide a reference for urban agglomerations to adopt cross-regional collaborative governance measures to achieve the SDGs.