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<p>The intricate network of bilateral trade relationships among Pacific Rim countries (PRCs), along with the associated embodied carbon flows plays a pivotal role in shaping global carbon emission patterns and dynamics. This study employs a multi-regional input-output analysis and a symbiotic degree model to explore the symbiotic effects of trade-embodied carbon flows between China and PRCs. We show that between 2009 and 2021, China’s trade-embodied carbon exports to PRCs surged from 214.20 million tons to 614.80 million tons, driven largely by mechanical and electronic equipment. The share of the United States, Japan, and South Korea in China’s total embodied carbon exports to PRCs has declined, whereas Southeast Asian countries have emerged as the primary source of China’s embodied carbon imports. The degree of symbiosis in trade-embodied carbon between China and PRCs shifted from negative to positive, indicating a gradual trend toward positive asymmetric symbiosis. Moreover, China’s role in regional trade-embodied carbon flows has transitioned from passive to active, with its influence particularly pronounced in countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, Japan, South Korea, and Russia.</p>

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Unveiling the symbiotic effect of trade-embodied carbon: An examination of China’s interactions with Pacific Rim countries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Wei Hu,
  • Xiangyun Fang,
  • Jinfu Fang,
  • Jianzhen Zhang,
  • Feng Yang,
  • Cansong Li,
  • Ziran Jiang,
  • Kun Hou,
  • Yanming Zhang

摘要

The intricate network of bilateral trade relationships among Pacific Rim countries (PRCs), along with the associated embodied carbon flows plays a pivotal role in shaping global carbon emission patterns and dynamics. This study employs a multi-regional input-output analysis and a symbiotic degree model to explore the symbiotic effects of trade-embodied carbon flows between China and PRCs. We show that between 2009 and 2021, China’s trade-embodied carbon exports to PRCs surged from 214.20 million tons to 614.80 million tons, driven largely by mechanical and electronic equipment. The share of the United States, Japan, and South Korea in China’s total embodied carbon exports to PRCs has declined, whereas Southeast Asian countries have emerged as the primary source of China’s embodied carbon imports. The degree of symbiosis in trade-embodied carbon between China and PRCs shifted from negative to positive, indicating a gradual trend toward positive asymmetric symbiosis. Moreover, China’s role in regional trade-embodied carbon flows has transitioned from passive to active, with its influence particularly pronounced in countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, Japan, South Korea, and Russia.