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<p>To explore the factors controlling human activity in Northeast Asia during the last deglaciation, this study synthesizes six pollen records from lakes and peatlands, alongside four paleotemperature records from terrestrial sedimentary sequences in this region. We simulated potential hunter-gatherer population densities using the Minimalist Terrestrial Resource Model (MTRM), and calculated vegetation openness, rate of change, and evenness based on pollen data. The results reveal a direct relationship between plant resources and hunter-gatherer populations from 20.9 to 10.2 ka BP. The synchronous increases in plant resources and population density from the Last Glacial (LG) to the Bølling-Allerød (BA) warm period, as well as from the Younger Dryas (YD) to the early Holocene (EH), with stasis during the YD, suggest that resource availability was a key driver of human activity. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of pollen and paleotemperature records indicated that vegetation and plant resources were more closely linked to the mean annual air temperature, with winter characteristics, from the LG to the YD, whereas warm-season temperatures played a more significant role during the EH. This research emphasizes that variations in resource accessibility, rather than direct climate effects alone, were likely pivotal in shaping human activity responses to environmental changes.</p>

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Climate and vegetation evolution in Northeast Asia and its impact on hunter-gatherer populations during the last deglaciation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Jing Wu,
  • Yanyan Yu,
  • Martina Stebich,
  • Jungjae Park,
  • Laurent Marquer

摘要

To explore the factors controlling human activity in Northeast Asia during the last deglaciation, this study synthesizes six pollen records from lakes and peatlands, alongside four paleotemperature records from terrestrial sedimentary sequences in this region. We simulated potential hunter-gatherer population densities using the Minimalist Terrestrial Resource Model (MTRM), and calculated vegetation openness, rate of change, and evenness based on pollen data. The results reveal a direct relationship between plant resources and hunter-gatherer populations from 20.9 to 10.2 ka BP. The synchronous increases in plant resources and population density from the Last Glacial (LG) to the Bølling-Allerød (BA) warm period, as well as from the Younger Dryas (YD) to the early Holocene (EH), with stasis during the YD, suggest that resource availability was a key driver of human activity. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of pollen and paleotemperature records indicated that vegetation and plant resources were more closely linked to the mean annual air temperature, with winter characteristics, from the LG to the YD, whereas warm-season temperatures played a more significant role during the EH. This research emphasizes that variations in resource accessibility, rather than direct climate effects alone, were likely pivotal in shaping human activity responses to environmental changes.