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<p>The exploration of the variability of spatial spillovers of ecosystem services (ESs) across scales is essential for sustainable regional development. Using advanced models such as InVEST, Geodetector, MGWR, and SLM/SEM/SDB, this study investigates spatial heterogeneity and cross-regional effects on ESs at the raster and county scales. Key findings from 2000 to 2020 include an upward trend in ESs, with pronounced regional variations. The southern Yellow River Basin (YRB) shows higher levels of water yield, carbon sequestration, soil retention, and habitat quality, while the northern areas score lower, except for food provisioning in central and lower regions. The overall ES index has risen, particularly in the southern part, aligning with China’s ecological patterns and showing significant cross-regional benefits. At various scales, natural elements, landscape configurations, and human influences significantly impact ESI, with different cross-regional effects. While natural and landscape indices demonstrate substantial cross-regional impacts at the raster scale, human influence is more apparent at the county scale. The identified cross-regional impacts underscore the interconnectedness of regional ES and sustainability, extending to nearby areas. Spatial management and planning may be limited by zoning and regulations. This study underscores regional ecosystem spatial spillovers and cross-scale knowledge differences and linkages, introducing new perspectives and methods for spatial planning in watersheds to support sustainable ecosystem optimisation.</p>

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Spatial optimisation based on ecosystem service spillover effect and cross-scale knowledge integration: A case study of the Yellow River Basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月9日

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  • Kaili Zhang,
  • Bin Fang,
  • Zhicheng Zhang,
  • Chunhua Xia,
  • Qiqi Liu,
  • Kang Liu

摘要

The exploration of the variability of spatial spillovers of ecosystem services (ESs) across scales is essential for sustainable regional development. Using advanced models such as InVEST, Geodetector, MGWR, and SLM/SEM/SDB, this study investigates spatial heterogeneity and cross-regional effects on ESs at the raster and county scales. Key findings from 2000 to 2020 include an upward trend in ESs, with pronounced regional variations. The southern Yellow River Basin (YRB) shows higher levels of water yield, carbon sequestration, soil retention, and habitat quality, while the northern areas score lower, except for food provisioning in central and lower regions. The overall ES index has risen, particularly in the southern part, aligning with China’s ecological patterns and showing significant cross-regional benefits. At various scales, natural elements, landscape configurations, and human influences significantly impact ESI, with different cross-regional effects. While natural and landscape indices demonstrate substantial cross-regional impacts at the raster scale, human influence is more apparent at the county scale. The identified cross-regional impacts underscore the interconnectedness of regional ES and sustainability, extending to nearby areas. Spatial management and planning may be limited by zoning and regulations. This study underscores regional ecosystem spatial spillovers and cross-scale knowledge differences and linkages, introducing new perspectives and methods for spatial planning in watersheds to support sustainable ecosystem optimisation.