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<p>Multi-bench retaining systems are widely used for deformation control and stability in deep excavations. However, the failure mechanisms and stability behaviour of such systems are not yet fully understood. In this study, three centrifuge tests were conducted to investigate the failure mechanism and global stability of a multi-bench retained excavation with varying bench widths. The deformation behaviour and failure process of the multi-bench retaining system were measured. As the bench width increased, the critical excavation depth rose from 7.2&#xa0;m to 8.1&#xa0;m. The results reveal that increasing the bench width effectively reduced the deflection of the first row of pile wall (1RS) and the adjacent ground settlement, while the deflection of the second row of pile wall (2RS) increased. The bench width also influenced the failure mode of the multi-bench retained excavation. As the bench width increased, the critical failure surface was transferred from the soil behind 1RS to the earth berm. To elucidate the transition mechanism, the stress state evolution in the soil behind the retaining pile walls was assessed. The analysis revealed that the displacement discrepancy between the two rows of retaining pile walls influenced the stress state in the soil, modifying the development of the plastic zone and inducing a transition in the failure mode.</p>

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Global stability and failure behaviour of multi-bench retained excavation in dry sand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Qianhui Guo,
  • Zhiyi Guo,
  • Gang Zheng,
  • Boyang Xia,
  • Haizuo Zhou,
  • Zhijie Wang

摘要

Multi-bench retaining systems are widely used for deformation control and stability in deep excavations. However, the failure mechanisms and stability behaviour of such systems are not yet fully understood. In this study, three centrifuge tests were conducted to investigate the failure mechanism and global stability of a multi-bench retained excavation with varying bench widths. The deformation behaviour and failure process of the multi-bench retaining system were measured. As the bench width increased, the critical excavation depth rose from 7.2 m to 8.1 m. The results reveal that increasing the bench width effectively reduced the deflection of the first row of pile wall (1RS) and the adjacent ground settlement, while the deflection of the second row of pile wall (2RS) increased. The bench width also influenced the failure mode of the multi-bench retained excavation. As the bench width increased, the critical failure surface was transferred from the soil behind 1RS to the earth berm. To elucidate the transition mechanism, the stress state evolution in the soil behind the retaining pile walls was assessed. The analysis revealed that the displacement discrepancy between the two rows of retaining pile walls influenced the stress state in the soil, modifying the development of the plastic zone and inducing a transition in the failure mode.