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<p>The cyclic resistance of granular materials could be influenced by prior cyclic loading, even in the absence of significant changes in void ratio. Most of the previous studies have qualitatively attributed this phenomenon to particle structure rearrangement. This study provides a comprehensive investigation through numerical simulations based on the&#xa0;discrete element method (DEM). A loading scheme of “first cyclic loading–reconsolidation–second cyclic loading” was applied in triaxial test simulations with a stress-controlled manner achieved by an adaptive control algorithm. The first series of cyclic loading was paused at each complete cycle when the deviatoric stress returned back to zero from the extension side. Its effects on liquefaction resistance during the second series of cyclic loading were examined. The simulation results align well with previous experimental findings that the liquefaction resistance initially increases and then decreases with more loading cycles applied during the first cyclic loading, while reconsolidation results in small void ratio reductions for all pre-sheared samples. Conventional parameters, such as the non-rattler coordination number, sliding fraction, and degree of anisotropies, do not consistently correlate with changes in liquefaction resistance. However, the deviatoric tangential contact force anisotropy and friction mobilization index for sticking contacts exhibit a strong relationship with liquefaction resistance variation. The reduction in liquefaction resistance due to high-level cyclic pre-shearing is associated with a significant retention of contacts that are prone to slide (with friction mobilization index near 1.0). Weak contacts are the primary contributors to these unrecoverable contacts, whereas strong contacts remain unaffected by cyclic pre-shearing in terms of the friction mobilization index distribution. These findings highlight the critical role of the sliding potential of sticking contacts in liquefaction analysis, particularly in the context of undrained cyclic pre-shearing history.</p>

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Micro-mechanical interpretation on variation of liquefaction resistance of granular materials with different levels of cyclic pre-shearing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Min Deng,
  • Guojun Liu,
  • Yi Pik Cheng,
  • Yingbin Zhang,
  • Lianheng Zhao,
  • Noriyuki Yasufuku

摘要

The cyclic resistance of granular materials could be influenced by prior cyclic loading, even in the absence of significant changes in void ratio. Most of the previous studies have qualitatively attributed this phenomenon to particle structure rearrangement. This study provides a comprehensive investigation through numerical simulations based on the discrete element method (DEM). A loading scheme of “first cyclic loading–reconsolidation–second cyclic loading” was applied in triaxial test simulations with a stress-controlled manner achieved by an adaptive control algorithm. The first series of cyclic loading was paused at each complete cycle when the deviatoric stress returned back to zero from the extension side. Its effects on liquefaction resistance during the second series of cyclic loading were examined. The simulation results align well with previous experimental findings that the liquefaction resistance initially increases and then decreases with more loading cycles applied during the first cyclic loading, while reconsolidation results in small void ratio reductions for all pre-sheared samples. Conventional parameters, such as the non-rattler coordination number, sliding fraction, and degree of anisotropies, do not consistently correlate with changes in liquefaction resistance. However, the deviatoric tangential contact force anisotropy and friction mobilization index for sticking contacts exhibit a strong relationship with liquefaction resistance variation. The reduction in liquefaction resistance due to high-level cyclic pre-shearing is associated with a significant retention of contacts that are prone to slide (with friction mobilization index near 1.0). Weak contacts are the primary contributors to these unrecoverable contacts, whereas strong contacts remain unaffected by cyclic pre-shearing in terms of the friction mobilization index distribution. These findings highlight the critical role of the sliding potential of sticking contacts in liquefaction analysis, particularly in the context of undrained cyclic pre-shearing history.