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<p>Axial resistance of a helical pile in sand is obtained from the helices and the shaft. In the literature, there is insufficient focus on the mode of internal load transfers within helical piles. Thus, piles are often conservatively designed for end-bearing resistance in sand only. The objectives of the present research were to investigate the distribution of loads between the shaft sections and helix zones, and to determine the internal load transfers along the pile depth. Nine centrifuge model tests on straight-shaft, single-helix, and double-helix piles in silica sand were conducted in axial compression or tension at 20&#xa0;g centrifugal acceleration. Measured data differentiated load distribution along piles and loads carried by shaft sections and plates. It was observed that the shaft resistance near the pile tip and within the helix spacing was higher than the upper straight-shaft portions of the pile. Back analyses suggested that the individual failure mode estimated the axial capacities better than the cylindrical mode. In double-helix piles, the load resisted by the lower helices was 2.9 times higher than the upper helices in compression and 1.7 times higher in tension. The measured values of helix bearing or breakout factors were summarized and compared with values from the literature for use in pile design.</p>

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Centrifuge modeling to investigate the axial behavior of multi-helix piles with varied helix spacing in sand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Naveel Islam,
  • Luke Penner,
  • Rick Chalaturnyk,
  • Lijun Deng

摘要

Axial resistance of a helical pile in sand is obtained from the helices and the shaft. In the literature, there is insufficient focus on the mode of internal load transfers within helical piles. Thus, piles are often conservatively designed for end-bearing resistance in sand only. The objectives of the present research were to investigate the distribution of loads between the shaft sections and helix zones, and to determine the internal load transfers along the pile depth. Nine centrifuge model tests on straight-shaft, single-helix, and double-helix piles in silica sand were conducted in axial compression or tension at 20 g centrifugal acceleration. Measured data differentiated load distribution along piles and loads carried by shaft sections and plates. It was observed that the shaft resistance near the pile tip and within the helix spacing was higher than the upper straight-shaft portions of the pile. Back analyses suggested that the individual failure mode estimated the axial capacities better than the cylindrical mode. In double-helix piles, the load resisted by the lower helices was 2.9 times higher than the upper helices in compression and 1.7 times higher in tension. The measured values of helix bearing or breakout factors were summarized and compared with values from the literature for use in pile design.