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<p>Dredged artificial island foundations are prone to developing stratified soil structures with alternating coarse–fine layers due to hydraulic sorting-induced segregation. The resultant sandy gravel layers with reduced fines content exhibit high suffusion potential, which may lead to localized foundation subsidence. This study systematically investigates the suffusion characteristics in reclaimed foundations through an integrated experimental–numerical approach. Laboratory suffusion tests on representative South China Sea coral soils provide precise calibration of permeability and hydrodynamic erosion model parameters, which are subsequently implemented in transient finite element analyses incorporating typical field conditions, including foundation pit dewatering, tidal action, and rainfall infiltration. Experimental results reveal pronounced suffusion susceptibility in sandy gravel layers. Numerical simulations demonstrate that pit dewatering and tidal action can trigger intensive suffusion in the pit and coastal slopes, respectively, and exacerbate inherent soil stratification. These two processes exhibit minimal interaction but collectively constitute potential mechanisms for field-observed foundation subsidence and collapse. The tidal-induced suffusion intensifies with tidal amplitude yet stabilizes within a 15-day spring–neap tidal cycle. In contrast, typical rainfall conditions are found to be insufficient to initiate suffusion. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the seepage–suffusion dynamics of dredged artificial island foundations, underscoring the necessity of implementing surface stabilization treatments post-reclamation and pre-dewatering to mitigate suffusion-induced damages.</p>

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Suffusion-induced stratification exacerbation in reclaimed coral sand foundations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Zezhi Deng,
  • Haozhen Ding,
  • Gang Wang,
  • Xinzhi Wang,
  • Fan Chen,
  • Kai Cui,
  • Xiaolong Ma,
  • Houzhen Wei

摘要

Dredged artificial island foundations are prone to developing stratified soil structures with alternating coarse–fine layers due to hydraulic sorting-induced segregation. The resultant sandy gravel layers with reduced fines content exhibit high suffusion potential, which may lead to localized foundation subsidence. This study systematically investigates the suffusion characteristics in reclaimed foundations through an integrated experimental–numerical approach. Laboratory suffusion tests on representative South China Sea coral soils provide precise calibration of permeability and hydrodynamic erosion model parameters, which are subsequently implemented in transient finite element analyses incorporating typical field conditions, including foundation pit dewatering, tidal action, and rainfall infiltration. Experimental results reveal pronounced suffusion susceptibility in sandy gravel layers. Numerical simulations demonstrate that pit dewatering and tidal action can trigger intensive suffusion in the pit and coastal slopes, respectively, and exacerbate inherent soil stratification. These two processes exhibit minimal interaction but collectively constitute potential mechanisms for field-observed foundation subsidence and collapse. The tidal-induced suffusion intensifies with tidal amplitude yet stabilizes within a 15-day spring–neap tidal cycle. In contrast, typical rainfall conditions are found to be insufficient to initiate suffusion. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the seepage–suffusion dynamics of dredged artificial island foundations, underscoring the necessity of implementing surface stabilization treatments post-reclamation and pre-dewatering to mitigate suffusion-induced damages.