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<p>Grid-type walls are extensively used as the foundation or ground improvement against soil liquefaction, while little is known concerning the stress path of the enclosed soil subjected to shaking events. Simulation results from a 2D finite element model unveil the&#xa0;symmetric jump rotation of principal stress within grid-type walls owing to dynamic soil-wall interaction. Subsequently, a systematic hollow cylinder torsional apparatus tests were conducted under this stress path, using clayey sands incorporating varied cyclic stress ratios (CSR), maximum principal stress rotation angles<i> α</i><sub><i>σ</i>,m</sub>, and relative densities. The experimental results indicate that, in most cases, the soil liquefaction resistance increased as increasing <i>α</i><sub><i>σ</i>,m,</sub> attributed to the shear stress acting on the bedding plane. A correlation between the principal stress rotation angle and the number of cycles required for initial liquefaction was established, characterising <i>α</i><sub><i>σ</i>,m</sub>-dependent undrained liquefaction responses. Interestingly, an inverse trend was found at CSR = 0.2 and <i>α</i><sub><i>σ</i>,m</sub> = 90° cases, indicating the coupled effect of shear stress and normal stress difference acting on the bedding plane. Furthermore, a new mechanism of liquefaction mitigation by grid-type walls is identified as rotating the maximum shear stress away from the bedding plane.</p>

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Undrained anisotropy of saturated clayey sands subjected to symmetric principal stress rotation within grid-type walls

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月4日

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  • Yuan Cao,
  • Yan-Guo Zhou,
  • Qiang Ma,
  • Kyohei Ueda,
  • Yun-Min Chen

摘要

Grid-type walls are extensively used as the foundation or ground improvement against soil liquefaction, while little is known concerning the stress path of the enclosed soil subjected to shaking events. Simulation results from a 2D finite element model unveil the symmetric jump rotation of principal stress within grid-type walls owing to dynamic soil-wall interaction. Subsequently, a systematic hollow cylinder torsional apparatus tests were conducted under this stress path, using clayey sands incorporating varied cyclic stress ratios (CSR), maximum principal stress rotation angles ασ,m, and relative densities. The experimental results indicate that, in most cases, the soil liquefaction resistance increased as increasing ασ,m, attributed to the shear stress acting on the bedding plane. A correlation between the principal stress rotation angle and the number of cycles required for initial liquefaction was established, characterising ασ,m-dependent undrained liquefaction responses. Interestingly, an inverse trend was found at CSR = 0.2 and ασ,m = 90° cases, indicating the coupled effect of shear stress and normal stress difference acting on the bedding plane. Furthermore, a new mechanism of liquefaction mitigation by grid-type walls is identified as rotating the maximum shear stress away from the bedding plane.