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<p>The characteristics of cement-stabilised clays (CSC) primarily depend on the initial water content relative to the liquid limit of the soil, cement dosage and curing duration. In this study, considering high water content and low-plastic clays, the existence of different zones of improvement based on the strength (compression and tension) and compressibility behaviour of CSC with increasing cement dosage is identified through comprehensive mechanical and microstructural investigations. The characteristics of the identified inactive, active and transition zones with different binder dosages, remoulding water content and clay types are studied. The behaviour of the sample across various cementation zones for low-plastic clay-I can be approximated by an S-shaped curve comprising an initial nonlinear segment in the inactive zone (0–5%), a linear segment in active zone-I (5–10%), and an asymptotic segment in the transition zone (10–15%). In contrast, the response in active zone-II follows a distinct linear trend. From the microstructural studies, the transition zone exhibits negligible strength enhancement (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>-</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>5 to +5%) even when there is no hindrance in the formation of C–S–H gel and a decrease in porosity. Samples in active zone-I exhibited a significant increase of about 95–100% in compressive and tensile strength due to effective cementation, while those in active zone-II showed a moderate gain of 50–80%, influenced by remoulding water content. Finally, two prominent mechanisms (predominantly pore filling and pore filling + cementation) that control the formation of different zones of strength enhancement with cement dosage are delineated.</p>

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Cementation and pore-filling mechanisms in cement treated low-plastic clays

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Balaji Bandaru,
  • Ramesh Kannan Kandasami,
  • R. G. Robinson

摘要

The characteristics of cement-stabilised clays (CSC) primarily depend on the initial water content relative to the liquid limit of the soil, cement dosage and curing duration. In this study, considering high water content and low-plastic clays, the existence of different zones of improvement based on the strength (compression and tension) and compressibility behaviour of CSC with increasing cement dosage is identified through comprehensive mechanical and microstructural investigations. The characteristics of the identified inactive, active and transition zones with different binder dosages, remoulding water content and clay types are studied. The behaviour of the sample across various cementation zones for low-plastic clay-I can be approximated by an S-shaped curve comprising an initial nonlinear segment in the inactive zone (0–5%), a linear segment in active zone-I (5–10%), and an asymptotic segment in the transition zone (10–15%). In contrast, the response in active zone-II follows a distinct linear trend. From the microstructural studies, the transition zone exhibits negligible strength enhancement ( \(-\) - 5 to +5%) even when there is no hindrance in the formation of C–S–H gel and a decrease in porosity. Samples in active zone-I exhibited a significant increase of about 95–100% in compressive and tensile strength due to effective cementation, while those in active zone-II showed a moderate gain of 50–80%, influenced by remoulding water content. Finally, two prominent mechanisms (predominantly pore filling and pore filling + cementation) that control the formation of different zones of strength enhancement with cement dosage are delineated.