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<p>Biomineralization technology, exemplified by processes such as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation, offers significant advantages in terms of reinforcing sand to improve their strength and stability. However, systematic theoretical models for predicting the mechanical behavior of biotreated sand remain scarce. This study proposes a novel theoretical model based on granular thermodynamics, providing accurate predictions and insights into underlying mechanisms. The model reveals that compressive and shear stiffness anisotropy are linked to stress state and deviatoric elastic potential energy, respectively, while biotreatment reduces anisotropy and enhances stiffness and stability. By using the determinant of the elastic potential energy Hessian matrix, the limit state surface reflecting loading direction dependency is constructed, revealing the reinforcing effect of biotreatment in the sand granular system. The hardening index describes strength evolution, with elastic strain accumulation dominating early shear and plastic flow influencing later stages. Cementation degradation and hardening index affect granular temperature and energy dissipation, with higher cementation levels and hardening index reducing granular fluctuations and increasing dissipation. This theoretical model provides theoretical support for predicting and understanding the behavior of biotreated sand.</p>

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A general thermodynamic model for biotreated sand: theory and analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Fang Liang,
  • Yang Xiao,
  • Zhichao Zhang,
  • Qingyun Fang,
  • Hanlong Liu,
  • Jian Chu

摘要

Biomineralization technology, exemplified by processes such as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation, offers significant advantages in terms of reinforcing sand to improve their strength and stability. However, systematic theoretical models for predicting the mechanical behavior of biotreated sand remain scarce. This study proposes a novel theoretical model based on granular thermodynamics, providing accurate predictions and insights into underlying mechanisms. The model reveals that compressive and shear stiffness anisotropy are linked to stress state and deviatoric elastic potential energy, respectively, while biotreatment reduces anisotropy and enhances stiffness and stability. By using the determinant of the elastic potential energy Hessian matrix, the limit state surface reflecting loading direction dependency is constructed, revealing the reinforcing effect of biotreatment in the sand granular system. The hardening index describes strength evolution, with elastic strain accumulation dominating early shear and plastic flow influencing later stages. Cementation degradation and hardening index affect granular temperature and energy dissipation, with higher cementation levels and hardening index reducing granular fluctuations and increasing dissipation. This theoretical model provides theoretical support for predicting and understanding the behavior of biotreated sand.