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<p>This study investigated the dynamic properties of red mud (RM)-reinforced volcanic ash (VA) by dynamic triaxial tests. The effects of stress state (dynamic stress <i>σ</i><sub>d</sub>, confining stress <i>σ</i><sub>3</sub>), dynamic frequency (<i>f</i>) and load waveform (<i>F</i>) on the accumulative plastic strain (<i>ε</i><sub>p</sub>) have been investigated. The findings indicate a significant influence of the stress state on <i>ε</i><sub>p</sub>. When <i>σ</i><sub>d</sub> reaches 120&#xa0;kPa, the specimens exhibit insufficient strength, leading to shear failure. As <i>σ</i><sub>3</sub> increases, the dynamic stresses that lead to specimen destabilization also exhibit an upward trend. The effect of <i>f</i> on <i>ε</i><sub>p</sub> is limited. The <i>ε</i><sub>p</sub> does not exhibit a clear or consistent developing pattern with increasing <i>f.</i> As for the <i>F</i>, the <i>ε</i><sub>p</sub> exhibited by the specimens subjected to sinusoidal wave loads is less than that observed under trapezoidal wave loads. Shakedown theory classifies deformation responses into plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental collapse. The <i>ε</i><sub>p</sub> curve patterns of RM-reinforced VA exhibit plastic shakedown and incremental collapse without significant plastic creep characteristics under cyclic loading. A predictive model for <i>ε</i><sub>p</sub> under cyclic loading is established, which has good predictability. This study presents a novel application of VA and RM, offering substantial research insights into waste recycling.</p>

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Deformation properties of red mud-reinforced volcanic ash under long-term cyclic loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Hailiang Liu,
  • Changming Wang,
  • Di Wu,
  • Xiaoyang Liu

摘要

This study investigated the dynamic properties of red mud (RM)-reinforced volcanic ash (VA) by dynamic triaxial tests. The effects of stress state (dynamic stress σd, confining stress σ3), dynamic frequency (f) and load waveform (F) on the accumulative plastic strain (εp) have been investigated. The findings indicate a significant influence of the stress state on εp. When σd reaches 120 kPa, the specimens exhibit insufficient strength, leading to shear failure. As σ3 increases, the dynamic stresses that lead to specimen destabilization also exhibit an upward trend. The effect of f on εp is limited. The εp does not exhibit a clear or consistent developing pattern with increasing f. As for the F, the εp exhibited by the specimens subjected to sinusoidal wave loads is less than that observed under trapezoidal wave loads. Shakedown theory classifies deformation responses into plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental collapse. The εp curve patterns of RM-reinforced VA exhibit plastic shakedown and incremental collapse without significant plastic creep characteristics under cyclic loading. A predictive model for εp under cyclic loading is established, which has good predictability. This study presents a novel application of VA and RM, offering substantial research insights into waste recycling.