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<p>Assessing the Young’s modulus of deep rock formations is essential for deep rock engineering. However, obtaining high-quality cores remains challenging. This study introduces a macroindentation method to evaluate the Young’s modulus of small-sized rock samples, which are easier to obtain. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on fused quartz, shale, sandstone, limestone, and granite, and the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11440_2024_2520_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Phi\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>1&#xa0;mm and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11440_2024_2520_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Phi\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>2.5 mm Brinell indenters were found to provide consistent results. Numerical simulations demonstrated the influence of substrate effect on indentation depth, and system compliance was defined to account for the combined effects of machine deformation and substrate effect. An improved five-step loading method was developed to calibrate system compliance, yielding results comparable to those from uniaxial compression tests. This method offers a practical alternative for evaluating the mechanical properties of rocks in deep engineering applications.</p>

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Assessment of Young’s modulus of small-sized rock samples based on macroindentation testing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月17日

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  • Yujie Luo,
  • Yang Zhang,
  • Qian Wang,
  • Jinliang Song,
  • Dawei Hu,
  • Hui Zhou

摘要

Assessing the Young’s modulus of deep rock formations is essential for deep rock engineering. However, obtaining high-quality cores remains challenging. This study introduces a macroindentation method to evaluate the Young’s modulus of small-sized rock samples, which are easier to obtain. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on fused quartz, shale, sandstone, limestone, and granite, and the \(\Phi\) Φ 1 mm and \(\Phi\) Φ 2.5 mm Brinell indenters were found to provide consistent results. Numerical simulations demonstrated the influence of substrate effect on indentation depth, and system compliance was defined to account for the combined effects of machine deformation and substrate effect. An improved five-step loading method was developed to calibrate system compliance, yielding results comparable to those from uniaxial compression tests. This method offers a practical alternative for evaluating the mechanical properties of rocks in deep engineering applications.