Stability analysis and optimization of concrete column-supported embankments in soft soil

Concrete columns are used to support embankments built on soft soils. Use of three groups of centrifuge model tests, this study exhibited the global performance of embankments supported by plain concrete columns and reinforced concrete columns. The objective of the centrifuge tests was to reveal the failure mechanism and the contribution of the reinforced concrete columns to embankment stability. In comparison with plain concrete columns, use of reinforced concrete columns alleviated the release and transfer of stress in the ruptured concrete matrix, thereby avoiding continuous failure, which improved the overall stability of the embankment. Based on parametric analysis, Pareto multi-objective optimization method was proposed to determine the optimal column configuration design. The optimization results showed that placing reinforced concrete columns from the toe to the shoulder, combined with the installation of plain concrete columns near the embankment’s centerline, not only satisfies the stability requirement of the embankment, but also minimizes construction costs and resource usage. Reinforced concrete columns which positioned of Rows 1–4 was suggested in this study.