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<p>In this study, we construct a class of horizonless exotic compact objects (ECOs) with Minkowski-core, classifying them as either photon-sphere ECOs (PS-ECOs) or photon-sphere lacking ECOs (PL-ECOs) based on photon sphere topology. Time-domain analysis reveals that the dynamical evolution can be divided into three phases: the initial ringdown, the echo phase, and the final ringdown. The echo signals exhibit the periodic damping, with quantum effects significantly accelerating the echo dissipation and prompting an earlier transition to the long-lived mode-dominated phase. Furthermore, the quasi-normal mode (QNM) spectrum of the PS-ECO exhibits fundamentally different behavior from that of BHsłincluding the presence of long-lived modes and the absence of overtone outburstsłproviding a clear spectroscopic signature distinguishing PS-ECOs from BHs. This work is significant in providing new theoretical foundations and waveform features for identifying such quantum-corrected ECOs, contributing critically to the understanding of quantum gravity effects.</p>

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Echoes from the Minkowski-core spacetime

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Dan Zhang,
  • Qin Tan,
  • Guoyang Fu,
  • Huajie Gong,
  • Jian-Pin Wu,
  • Qiyuan Pan

摘要

In this study, we construct a class of horizonless exotic compact objects (ECOs) with Minkowski-core, classifying them as either photon-sphere ECOs (PS-ECOs) or photon-sphere lacking ECOs (PL-ECOs) based on photon sphere topology. Time-domain analysis reveals that the dynamical evolution can be divided into three phases: the initial ringdown, the echo phase, and the final ringdown. The echo signals exhibit the periodic damping, with quantum effects significantly accelerating the echo dissipation and prompting an earlier transition to the long-lived mode-dominated phase. Furthermore, the quasi-normal mode (QNM) spectrum of the PS-ECO exhibits fundamentally different behavior from that of BHsłincluding the presence of long-lived modes and the absence of overtone outburstsłproviding a clear spectroscopic signature distinguishing PS-ECOs from BHs. This work is significant in providing new theoretical foundations and waveform features for identifying such quantum-corrected ECOs, contributing critically to the understanding of quantum gravity effects.