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<p>Multiple gravity assists (MGAs) have become an enabling technology for modern deep space exploration, significantly extending mission reach while minimizing propellant consumption. This paper presents a comprehensive review of MGA-based trajectory design methodologies employed in deep space missions. A systematic classification framework is established, categorizing MGAs techniques into three fundamental domains based on their underlying dynamical mechanisms: (1) escape and capture orbit techniques, (2) diverse transfer trajectory designs, and (3) orbit adjustment and directional control strategies. Our analysis in each category connects representative methods to their real-world applications and missions. Finally, future research prospects are outlined, aiming to ultimately support the development of advanced MGA-based trajectory planning for deep space missions.</p>

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Deep space trajectory design using multiple gravity assists: A review of escape, capture, transfer, and orbit control techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月4日

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  • Yan Shen,
  • Ying-Jing Qian,
  • Jian-Qing Li,
  • Wen-Xue Chen,
  • Yue Liu

摘要

Multiple gravity assists (MGAs) have become an enabling technology for modern deep space exploration, significantly extending mission reach while minimizing propellant consumption. This paper presents a comprehensive review of MGA-based trajectory design methodologies employed in deep space missions. A systematic classification framework is established, categorizing MGAs techniques into three fundamental domains based on their underlying dynamical mechanisms: (1) escape and capture orbit techniques, (2) diverse transfer trajectory designs, and (3) orbit adjustment and directional control strategies. Our analysis in each category connects representative methods to their real-world applications and missions. Finally, future research prospects are outlined, aiming to ultimately support the development of advanced MGA-based trajectory planning for deep space missions.