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<p>As one of three primary scientific payloads of <i>Insight</i>-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (<i>Insight</i>-HXMT), the High Energy X-ray telescope (HE) consists of 18 NaI/CsI phoswich detectors, and the CsI detectors can detect gamma-rays that penetrate the satellite from all directions, with an energy range of about 60 keV to 3.2 MeV and a total geometric area of about 5100 cm<sup>2</sup>. These characteristics make the CsI detectors suitable for monitoring GRBs and other high-energy transients. Initial calibration and performance studies of the CsI detectors’ instrumental response were conducted during the early operation phase before 2020. In this work, we refine the cross-calibration of CsI detectors using a large sample of 85 bright GRBs. Our analysis reveals that the effective area is inversely proportional to the incident angle (<i>θ</i>), with no correlation observed with the azimuthal angle (<i>ϕ</i>). We subsequently incorporated this relationship into the calibration database to correct for systematic biases in the initial calibration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that joint spectral analyses incorporating CsI data provide better constraints on high-energy spectral parameters for most GRBs. Additionally, we evaluate, for the first time, the energy response of CsI detectors for pointing observation by measuring the Crab Nebula using the Earth occultation technique. This effort extends the energy range of the <i>Insight</i>-HXMT telescope from 1–250 to 1–750 keV for pointing observations. Those results show that the spectra measured by CsI detectors are consistent with other well-calibrated instruments, validating the reliability and accuracy of the CsI detectors’ performance. Our work will contribute to <i>Insight</i>-HXMT’s capacity to generate more scientific outputs in the field of time-domain astronomy.</p>

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Improved performance of Insight-HXMT/HE CsI detectors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Chao Zheng,
  • Shao-Lin Xiong,
  • Cheng-Kui Li,
  • Xiao-Bo Li,
  • Xu-Fang Li,
  • Gang Li,
  • Peng Zhang,
  • Wang-Chen Xue,
  • Yan-Qiu Zhang,
  • Cong-Zhan Liu,
  • Juan Zhang,
  • Bing Li,
  • Ming-Yu Ge,
  • Li-Ming Song,
  • Wen-Jun Tan,
  • Chen-Wei Wang,
  • Yue Wang,
  • Jin-Peng Wang,
  • Jia-Cong Liu,
  • Sheng-Lun Xie,
  • Ce Cai,
  • Shuo Xiao,
  • Wen-Long Zhang,
  • Hao-Xuan Guo,
  • Yu-Peng Xu,
  • Shu Zhang,
  • Shuang-Nan Zhang

摘要

As one of three primary scientific payloads of Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT), the High Energy X-ray telescope (HE) consists of 18 NaI/CsI phoswich detectors, and the CsI detectors can detect gamma-rays that penetrate the satellite from all directions, with an energy range of about 60 keV to 3.2 MeV and a total geometric area of about 5100 cm2. These characteristics make the CsI detectors suitable for monitoring GRBs and other high-energy transients. Initial calibration and performance studies of the CsI detectors’ instrumental response were conducted during the early operation phase before 2020. In this work, we refine the cross-calibration of CsI detectors using a large sample of 85 bright GRBs. Our analysis reveals that the effective area is inversely proportional to the incident angle (θ), with no correlation observed with the azimuthal angle (ϕ). We subsequently incorporated this relationship into the calibration database to correct for systematic biases in the initial calibration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that joint spectral analyses incorporating CsI data provide better constraints on high-energy spectral parameters for most GRBs. Additionally, we evaluate, for the first time, the energy response of CsI detectors for pointing observation by measuring the Crab Nebula using the Earth occultation technique. This effort extends the energy range of the Insight-HXMT telescope from 1–250 to 1–750 keV for pointing observations. Those results show that the spectra measured by CsI detectors are consistent with other well-calibrated instruments, validating the reliability and accuracy of the CsI detectors’ performance. Our work will contribute to Insight-HXMT’s capacity to generate more scientific outputs in the field of time-domain astronomy.