<p>The ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma-ray source 1LHAASO J0007+7303u is positionally associated with the composite SNR CTA1 that is located at high Galactic Latitude <i>b</i> ≈ 10.5°. This provides a rare opportunity to spatially resolve the component of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and supernova remnant (SNR) at UHE. This paper conducted a dedicated data analysis of 1LHAASO J0007+7303u using the data collected from December 2019 to July 2023. This source is well detected with significances of 21<i>σ</i> and 17<i>σ</i> at 8–100 TeV and &gt;100 TeV, respectively. The corresponding extensions are determined to be 0.23°±0.03° and 0.17°±0.03°. The emission is proposed to originate from the relativistic electrons accelerated within the PWN of PSR J0007+7303. The energy spectrum is well described by a power-law with an exponential cutoff function <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11433_2024_2479_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="394" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(dN/dE=(42.4\pm 4.1)({E\over 20\ \text{TeV}})^{-2.31\pm 0.11}\ \text{exp}(-{E\over 110\pm 25\ \text{TeV}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>d</mi> <mi>N</mi> <mrow> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>42.4</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>4.1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mn>20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>TeV</mtext> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2.31</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.11</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>exp</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mn>110</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>25</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>TeV</mtext> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> TeV<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> in the energy range from 8 to 300 TeV, implying a steady-state parent electron spectrum <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11433_2024_2479_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="337" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(dN_{e}/dE_{e} \propto \ ({E_{e} \over 100\ \text{TeV}})^{-3.13\pm 0.16}\ \text{exp}[({-E_{e}\over373\pm 70\ \text{TeV}})^{2}]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∝</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mn>100</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>TeV</mtext> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3.13</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.16</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>exp</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>373</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>70</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>TeV</mtext> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at energies above ≈ 50 TeV. The cutoff energy of the electron spectrum is roughly equal to the expected current maximum energy of particles accelerated at the PWN terminal shock. Combining the X-ray and gamma-ray emission, the current space-averaged magnetic field can be limited to ≈ 4.5 µG. To satisfy the multi-wavelength spectrum and the <i>γ</i>-ray extensions, the transport of relativistic particles within the PWN is likely dominated by the advection process under the free-expansion phase assumption.</p>

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Deep view of composite SNR CTA1 with LHAASO in γ-rays up to 300 TeV

  • Zhen Cao,
  • F. Aharonian,
  • Axikegu,
  • Y. X. Bai,
  • Y. W. Bao,
  • D. Bastieri,
  • X. J. Bi,
  • Y. J. Bi,
  • W. Bian,
  • A. V. Bukevich,
  • Q. Cao,
  • W. Y. Cao,
  • Zhe Cao,
  • J. Chang,
  • J. F. Chang,
  • A. M. Chen,
  • E. S. Chen,
  • H. X. Chen,
  • Liang Chen,
  • Lin Chen,
  • Long Chen,
  • M. J. Chen,
  • M. L. Chen,
  • Q. H. Chen,
  • S. Chen,
  • S. H. Chen,
  • S. Z. Chen,
  • T. L. Chen,
  • Y. Chen,
  • N. Cheng,
  • Y. D. Cheng,
  • M. C. Chu,
  • M. Y. Cui,
  • S. W. Cui,
  • X. H. Cui,
  • Y. D. Cui,
  • B. Z. Dai,
  • H. L. Dai,
  • Z. G. Dai,
  • Danzengluobu,
  • X. Q. Dong,
  • K. K. Duan,
  • J. H. Fan,
  • Y. Z. Fan,
  • J. Fang,
  • J. H. Fang,
  • K. Fang,
  • C. F. Feng,
  • H. Feng,
  • L. Feng,
  • S. H. Feng,
  • X. T. Feng,
  • Y. Feng,
  • Y. L. Feng,
  • S. Gabici,
  • B. Gao,
  • C. D. Gao,
  • Q. Gao,
  • W. Gao,
  • W. K. Gao,
  • M. M. Ge,
  • T. T. Ge,
  • L. S. Geng,
  • G. Giacinti,
  • G. H. Gong,
  • Q. B. Gou,
  • M. H. Gu,
  • F. L. Guo,
  • J. Guo,
  • X. L. Guo,
  • Y. Q. Guo,
  • Y. Y. Guo,
  • Y. A. Han,
  • O. A. Hannuksela,
  • M. Hasan,
  • H. H. He,
  • H. N. He,
  • J. Y. He,
  • Y. He,
  • Y. K. Hor,
  • B. W. Hou,
  • C. Hou,
  • X. Hou,
  • H. B. Hu,
  • Q. Hu,
  • S. C. Hu,
  • C. Huang,
  • D. H. Huang,
  • T. Q. Huang,
  • W. J. Huang,
  • X. T. Huang,
  • X. Y. Huang,
  • Y. Huang,
  • Y. Y. Huang,
  • X. L. Ji,
  • H. Y. Jia,
  • K. Jia,
  • H. B. Jiang,
  • K. Jiang,
  • X. W. Jiang,
  • Z. J. Jiang,
  • M. Jin,
  • M. M. Kang,
  • I. Karpikov,
  • D. Khangulyan,
  • D. Kuleshov,
  • K. Kurinov,
  • B. B. Li,
  • C. M. Li,
  • Cheng Li,
  • Cong Li,
  • D. Li,
  • F. Li,
  • H. B. Li,
  • H. C. Li,
  • Jian Li,
  • Jie Li,
  • K. Li,
  • S. D. Li,
  • W. L. Li,
  • W. L. Li,
  • X. R. Li,
  • Xin Li,
  • Y. Z. Li,
  • Zhe Li,
  • Zhuo Li,
  • E. W. Liang,
  • Y. F. Liang,
  • S. J. Lin,
  • B. Liu,
  • C. Liu,
  • D. Liu,
  • D. B. Liu,
  • H. Liu,
  • H. D. Liu,
  • J. Liu,
  • J. L. Liu,
  • M. Y. Liu,
  • R. Y. Liu,
  • S. M. Liu,
  • W. Liu,
  • Y. Liu,
  • Y. N. Liu,
  • Q. Luo,
  • Y. Luo,
  • H. K. Lv,
  • B. Q. Ma,
  • L. L. Ma,
  • X. H. Ma,
  • J. R. Mao,
  • Z. Min,
  • W. Mitthumsiri,
  • H. J. Mu,
  • Y. C. Nan,
  • A. Neronov,
  • K. C. Y. Ng,
  • L. J. Ou,
  • P. Pattarakijwanich,
  • Z. Y. Pei,
  • J. C. Qi,
  • M. Y. Qi,
  • B. Q. Qiao,
  • J. J. Qin,
  • A. Raza,
  • D. Ruffolo,
  • A. Saiz,
  • M. Saeed,
  • D. Semikoz,
  • L. Shao,
  • O. Shchegolev,
  • X. D. Sheng,
  • F. W. Shu,
  • H. C. Song,
  • Yu. V. Stenkin,
  • V. Stepanov,
  • Y. Su,
  • D. X. Sun,
  • Q. N. Sun,
  • X. N. Sun,
  • Z. B. Sun,
  • J. Takata,
  • P. H. T. Tam,
  • Q. W. Tang,
  • R. Tang,
  • Z. B. Tang,
  • W. W. Tian,
  • L. H. Wan,
  • C. Wang,
  • C. B. Wang,
  • G. W. Wang,
  • H. G. Wang,
  • H. H. Wang,
  • J. C. Wang,
  • Kai Wang,
  • Kai Wang,
  • L. P. Wang,
  • L. Y. Wang,
  • P. H. Wang,
  • R. Wang,
  • W. Wang,
  • X. G. Wang,
  • X. Y. Wang,
  • Y. Wang,
  • Y. D. Wang,
  • Y. J. Wang,
  • Z. H. Wang,
  • Z. X. Wang,
  • Zhen Wang,
  • Zheng Wang,
  • D. M. Wei,
  • J. J. Wei,
  • Y. J. Wei,
  • T. Wen,
  • C. Y. Wu,
  • H. R. Wu,
  • Q. W. Wu,
  • S. Wu,
  • X. F. Wu,
  • Y. S. Wu,
  • S. Q. Xi,
  • J. Xia,
  • G. M. Xiang,
  • D. X. Xiao,
  • G. Xiao,
  • Y. L. Xin,
  • Y. Xing,
  • D. R. Xiong,
  • Z. Xiong,
  • D. L. Xu,
  • R. F. Xu,
  • R. X. Xu,
  • W. L. Xu,
  • L. Xue,
  • D. H. Yan,
  • J. Z. Yan,
  • T. Yan,
  • C. W. Yang,
  • C. Y. Yang,
  • F. Yang,
  • F. F. Yang,
  • L. L. Yang,
  • M. J. Yang,
  • R. Z. Yang,
  • W. X. Yang,
  • Y. H. Yao,
  • Z. G. Yao,
  • L. Q. Yin,
  • N. Yin,
  • X. H. You,
  • Z. Y. You,
  • Y. H. Yu,
  • Q. Yuan,
  • H. Yue,
  • H. D. Zeng,
  • T. X. Zeng,
  • W. Zeng,
  • M. Zha,
  • B. B. Zhang,
  • F. Zhang,
  • H. Zhang,
  • H. M. Zhang,
  • H. Y. Zhang,
  • J. L. Zhang,
  • Li Zhang,
  • P. F. Zhang,
  • P. P. Zhang,
  • R. Zhang,
  • S. B. Zhang,
  • S. R. Zhang,
  • S. S. Zhang,
  • X. Zhang,
  • X. P. Zhang,
  • Y. F. Zhang,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Yong Zhang,
  • B. Zhao,
  • J. Zhao,
  • L. Zhao,
  • L. Z. Zhao,
  • S. P. Zhao,
  • X. H. Zhao,
  • F. Zheng,
  • W. J. Zhong,
  • B. Zhou,
  • H. Zhou,
  • J. N. Zhou,
  • M. Zhou,
  • P. Zhou,
  • R. Zhou,
  • X. X. Zhou,
  • X. X. Zhou,
  • B. Y. Zhu,
  • C. G. Zhu,
  • F. R. Zhu,
  • H. Zhu,
  • K. J. Zhu,
  • Y. C. Zou,
  • X. Zuo,
  • B. Li

摘要

The ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma-ray source 1LHAASO J0007+7303u is positionally associated with the composite SNR CTA1 that is located at high Galactic Latitude b ≈ 10.5°. This provides a rare opportunity to spatially resolve the component of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and supernova remnant (SNR) at UHE. This paper conducted a dedicated data analysis of 1LHAASO J0007+7303u using the data collected from December 2019 to July 2023. This source is well detected with significances of 21σ and 17σ at 8–100 TeV and >100 TeV, respectively. The corresponding extensions are determined to be 0.23°±0.03° and 0.17°±0.03°. The emission is proposed to originate from the relativistic electrons accelerated within the PWN of PSR J0007+7303. The energy spectrum is well described by a power-law with an exponential cutoff function \(dN/dE=(42.4\pm 4.1)({E\over 20\ \text{TeV}})^{-2.31\pm 0.11}\ \text{exp}(-{E\over 110\pm 25\ \text{TeV}})\) d N / d E = ( 42.4 ± 4.1 ) ( E 20 TeV ) 2.31 ± 0.11 exp ( E 110 ± 25 TeV ) TeV−1 cm−2 s−1 in the energy range from 8 to 300 TeV, implying a steady-state parent electron spectrum \(dN_{e}/dE_{e} \propto \ ({E_{e} \over 100\ \text{TeV}})^{-3.13\pm 0.16}\ \text{exp}[({-E_{e}\over373\pm 70\ \text{TeV}})^{2}]\) d N e / d E e ( E e 100 TeV ) 3.13 ± 0.16 exp [ ( E e 373 ± 70 TeV ) 2 ] at energies above ≈ 50 TeV. The cutoff energy of the electron spectrum is roughly equal to the expected current maximum energy of particles accelerated at the PWN terminal shock. Combining the X-ray and gamma-ray emission, the current space-averaged magnetic field can be limited to ≈ 4.5 µG. To satisfy the multi-wavelength spectrum and the γ-ray extensions, the transport of relativistic particles within the PWN is likely dominated by the advection process under the free-expansion phase assumption.