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<p>Optical fiber networks serve as the backbone of modern communication infrastructure, effectively addressing the surging data transmission demands driven by big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI). Beyond their fundamental role in communication, optical fibers inherently possess high-precision distributed sensing capabilities. This is because the external perturbations modulate light properties during propagation, enabling reliable monitoring in telecom network maintenance, traffic surveillance, and environmental observation. Optical fiber integrated sensing and communication (OF-ISAC) technology, which uses the shared optical fiber carrier to synergize high-speed data transmission and real-time environmental sensing, has become an indispensable solution for optimizing resource efficiency and expanding optical network functionality. This review systematically synthesizes recent research progress of OF-ISAC, analyzing and discussing its key technical principles, latest research status, typical application scenarios and also summarizes current challenges alongside future prospects. By providing a comprehensive technical overview, this work offers technical insights into OF-ISAC for telecom researchers and practitioners, and aims to further promote the practical application of OF-ISAC.</p>

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A review of optical fiber integrated sensing and communication systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Zexu Liu,
  • Jiwei Xie,
  • Yiwen Zhang,
  • Haijun He,
  • Li Wang,
  • Changyuan Yu,
  • Lianshan Yan,
  • William Shieh

摘要

Optical fiber networks serve as the backbone of modern communication infrastructure, effectively addressing the surging data transmission demands driven by big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI). Beyond their fundamental role in communication, optical fibers inherently possess high-precision distributed sensing capabilities. This is because the external perturbations modulate light properties during propagation, enabling reliable monitoring in telecom network maintenance, traffic surveillance, and environmental observation. Optical fiber integrated sensing and communication (OF-ISAC) technology, which uses the shared optical fiber carrier to synergize high-speed data transmission and real-time environmental sensing, has become an indispensable solution for optimizing resource efficiency and expanding optical network functionality. This review systematically synthesizes recent research progress of OF-ISAC, analyzing and discussing its key technical principles, latest research status, typical application scenarios and also summarizes current challenges alongside future prospects. By providing a comprehensive technical overview, this work offers technical insights into OF-ISAC for telecom researchers and practitioners, and aims to further promote the practical application of OF-ISAC.