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<p>In low-altitude line-of-sight (LOS) environments, interference is significantly higher than in typical terrestrial non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, leading to degraded coverage and mobility performance in conventional cellular networks. For the first time, we identify and analyze the key factors influencing interference in low-altitude LOS conditions: the distance, quantity, and angular distribution of interference sources. To address this challenge, we propose a novel scalable networking scheme, integrating an enhanced signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) model optimized for LOS propagation, which explicitly accounts for these three factors. Compared to traditional terrestrial cellular networks, the scalable networking approach extends coverage range, reduces sector density, and standardizes antenna orientation, thereby mitigating inter-cell interference by at least 10 dB. Theoretical analysis, system simulations, and field tests confirm that the proposed scheme significantly improves coverage performance in low-altitude LOS environments.</p>

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A new interference-resilient scalable networking for low altitude

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Yuhong Huang,
  • Haiyu Ding,
  • Lei Cao,
  • Jiao Zhou,
  • Xin Li,
  • Weiyan Chen,
  • Yantao Han

摘要

In low-altitude line-of-sight (LOS) environments, interference is significantly higher than in typical terrestrial non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, leading to degraded coverage and mobility performance in conventional cellular networks. For the first time, we identify and analyze the key factors influencing interference in low-altitude LOS conditions: the distance, quantity, and angular distribution of interference sources. To address this challenge, we propose a novel scalable networking scheme, integrating an enhanced signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) model optimized for LOS propagation, which explicitly accounts for these three factors. Compared to traditional terrestrial cellular networks, the scalable networking approach extends coverage range, reduces sector density, and standardizes antenna orientation, thereby mitigating inter-cell interference by at least 10 dB. Theoretical analysis, system simulations, and field tests confirm that the proposed scheme significantly improves coverage performance in low-altitude LOS environments.