<p>Precision plant phenotyping relies on the high-fidelity acquisition of physiological data, yet current flexible wearables are constrained by the trade-off between fabrication resolution and interfacial compliance on complex biological surfaces. To overcome these limitations, we report an <i>in situ</i> interlocked digital light processing (DLP) printing strategy for constructing high-precision liquid metal plant wearables (LMPWs). This approach enables planar interlocking of various materials by spatially confining carbon-sensing layers within liquid metal interdigital voids with micron-level fidelity (∼36 µm). Such seamless structural integration eliminates internal interfacial defects, establishing a robust foundation for fabricating diverse sensing modalities. Leveraging these interlocked liquid metal wearables, we achieved precise decoupling of leaf boundary-layer microclimates from ambient environmental noise, thereby capturing transient physiological events such as the midday depression of humidity and rapid electrophysiological action potentials in <i>Dionaea muscipula</i>. Furthermore, to advance from passive monitoring to active stress decoding, we established a closed-loop electrical stimulation-feedback system. By monitoring and analyzing distinct response patterns in plant electrical signals, including signal decay and charge-accumulation characteristics, this system successfully differentiated between drought and cold stress. This work provides a versatile manufacturing paradigm for next-generation plant bioelectronics, bridging the gap between high-precision device fabrication and intrinsic physiological diagnosis.</p>

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Interlocked liquid metal wearables for plant phenotyping and stress decoding

  • Zixuan Dai,
  • Chunchun Qu,
  • Daiwei Hu,
  • Xue Lian,
  • Yan Xie,
  • Tiankai Zhao,
  • Maolin Li,
  • Tian Shen,
  • Xiangfei Wang,
  • Tong Liu,
  • Yueyan Chang,
  • Jiaxuan Huo,
  • Quan Zhou,
  • Lingxiao Cao,
  • Zhizhu He,
  • Shaozhong Kang

摘要

Precision plant phenotyping relies on the high-fidelity acquisition of physiological data, yet current flexible wearables are constrained by the trade-off between fabrication resolution and interfacial compliance on complex biological surfaces. To overcome these limitations, we report an in situ interlocked digital light processing (DLP) printing strategy for constructing high-precision liquid metal plant wearables (LMPWs). This approach enables planar interlocking of various materials by spatially confining carbon-sensing layers within liquid metal interdigital voids with micron-level fidelity (∼36 µm). Such seamless structural integration eliminates internal interfacial defects, establishing a robust foundation for fabricating diverse sensing modalities. Leveraging these interlocked liquid metal wearables, we achieved precise decoupling of leaf boundary-layer microclimates from ambient environmental noise, thereby capturing transient physiological events such as the midday depression of humidity and rapid electrophysiological action potentials in Dionaea muscipula. Furthermore, to advance from passive monitoring to active stress decoding, we established a closed-loop electrical stimulation-feedback system. By monitoring and analyzing distinct response patterns in plant electrical signals, including signal decay and charge-accumulation characteristics, this system successfully differentiated between drought and cold stress. This work provides a versatile manufacturing paradigm for next-generation plant bioelectronics, bridging the gap between high-precision device fabrication and intrinsic physiological diagnosis.