High entropy liquid metal machines
摘要
The evolution of complex stress mechanisms in nature relies on the synergistic interplay of multiple elements. While the self-actuation of liquid metal matters suggests tremendous biomimetic potential, their conventional formulations still lack compositional complexity. Inspired by the biological law of multicomponent coexistence and autonomous motion system, here we proposed a theoretical paradigm termed as high-entropy liquid metal machine (HELMM) to make multi-functional entities that conceptually mimic the compositional complexity found in biological environments. Conceptual experiments and characterizations indicate that, given appropriate designing, the high-entropy systems would overcome the limitations facing conventional liquid metal machines, resulting in significant performance enhancements which could well address the tough ambient challenges. Specifically, the HELMM demonstrates a biosimilar metabolic boost, improving Al fuel consumption and increasing electrically driven velocity by up to 50%. It further exhibits unique magnetic actuation behaviors and exceptional low-temperature stability, where high-entropy effects confer “hibernation-like” antifreeze properties. Such synthesis of high wettability, multi-field responsiveness (electric, magnetic, thermal), and environmental robustness establishes the HELMM as a critical precursor for making ever-intelligent, life-like soft robotic systems.