<p>Flexible and stretchable electronics, which combine high electrical stability and flexibility, have received growing research interest due to the rapid development of advanced electronic fields, including electronic skins, soft robotics, implantable devices, and wearable electronics. Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs), known for their fluidity and excellent conductivity, enable the manufacturing of flexible and stretchable electronic products. However, the high surface tension and low surface adhesion of LMs make it challenging to fabricate soft electronics for emerging applications. This work reports the use of solid-liquid two-phased gallium-stannum binary metals (Ga/Sn BMs) to enhance surface adhesion with various substrates for fabricating flexible and stretchable Ga/Sn BM coating electronic circuits. The continuous phase transition and solid-liquid state of Ga/Sn BMs can be precisely controlled using the phase diagram, which allows for the adjustment of adhesion properties, thereby decreasing surface tension and improving adhesion to substrates. In addition, this simple method enables the direct coating of Ga/Sn BMs in different patterns on various substrates via the blade coating method, which significantly reduces the fabrication time and cost of electronic circuits. Interestingly, this work reveals that Ga/Sn BM coating electronic circuits with different ratios of solid-liquid two phases exhibit distinctly different electromechanical behaviour under diverse mechanical deformations and environmental conditions. The present study holds promise for advanced electronic technologies in smart wearable electronic devices, human-machine interactive electronic devices, and aquatic communication engineering equipment.</p>

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Solid-liquid two-phased gallium-stannum binary metals enabled flexible and stretchable electronic circuit for interactive electronic devices

  • Yumeng Xin,
  • Biao Zhou,
  • Haiyuan Shao,
  • Yinghui Liu,
  • Chuanzhou Tao,
  • Huiyan Wang,
  • Jiancheng Zhou,
  • Jiuyang Zhang

摘要

Flexible and stretchable electronics, which combine high electrical stability and flexibility, have received growing research interest due to the rapid development of advanced electronic fields, including electronic skins, soft robotics, implantable devices, and wearable electronics. Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs), known for their fluidity and excellent conductivity, enable the manufacturing of flexible and stretchable electronic products. However, the high surface tension and low surface adhesion of LMs make it challenging to fabricate soft electronics for emerging applications. This work reports the use of solid-liquid two-phased gallium-stannum binary metals (Ga/Sn BMs) to enhance surface adhesion with various substrates for fabricating flexible and stretchable Ga/Sn BM coating electronic circuits. The continuous phase transition and solid-liquid state of Ga/Sn BMs can be precisely controlled using the phase diagram, which allows for the adjustment of adhesion properties, thereby decreasing surface tension and improving adhesion to substrates. In addition, this simple method enables the direct coating of Ga/Sn BMs in different patterns on various substrates via the blade coating method, which significantly reduces the fabrication time and cost of electronic circuits. Interestingly, this work reveals that Ga/Sn BM coating electronic circuits with different ratios of solid-liquid two phases exhibit distinctly different electromechanical behaviour under diverse mechanical deformations and environmental conditions. The present study holds promise for advanced electronic technologies in smart wearable electronic devices, human-machine interactive electronic devices, and aquatic communication engineering equipment.