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<p>Blood pressure, as a core vital sign of the human cardiovascular system, exhibits systematic limitations in temporal resolution and environmental adaptability when measured using conventional methods, despite standardized operation protocols ensuring measurement reproducibility. This study presents a flexible wearable blood pressure monitoring system based on oscillometric principles (FWO-BP), fabricated through strain programmable substrates and semi-liquid metal interconnects. An interlocking mechanism combining nonwoven polypropylene (PP) fabric with Ecoflex matrix was employed to regulate the expansion behavior of flexible substrates, enabling the stable integration of rigid electronic components on stretchable platforms (delamination force &gt; 69 kN/m<sup>2</sup>). By doping silver-coated copper particles with eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), a semi-liquid metal (SLM) was fabricated to provide reliable inter-component interconnects on expanding substrates, with resistance variations of less than 3 Ω under 50% tensile strain. The embedded system integrates highly sensitive pressure sensors (0–300 mmHg range) with customised signal conditioning circuitry (25 dB noise rejection ratio), while the host computer employs adaptive pressure algorithms and pulse waveform feature extraction techniques to provide a comprehensive dual-mode detection architecture. Continuous 8-h ambulatory monitoring captured diurnal blood pressure variations of 11.2%, validating the system’s capability for longitudinal haemodynamic tracking. The synergistic combination of mechanical interlocking and SLM provides novel design paradigms for flexible medical electronics, with a modular architecture demonstrating extensibility to multiple biosignal monitoring applications.</p>

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Wearable oscillometric blood pressure monitor developed with strain-programmable substrate and liquid metal wires

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Zhi Wang,
  • Chengjie Jiang,
  • Zhengang An,
  • Rui Guo

摘要

Blood pressure, as a core vital sign of the human cardiovascular system, exhibits systematic limitations in temporal resolution and environmental adaptability when measured using conventional methods, despite standardized operation protocols ensuring measurement reproducibility. This study presents a flexible wearable blood pressure monitoring system based on oscillometric principles (FWO-BP), fabricated through strain programmable substrates and semi-liquid metal interconnects. An interlocking mechanism combining nonwoven polypropylene (PP) fabric with Ecoflex matrix was employed to regulate the expansion behavior of flexible substrates, enabling the stable integration of rigid electronic components on stretchable platforms (delamination force > 69 kN/m2). By doping silver-coated copper particles with eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), a semi-liquid metal (SLM) was fabricated to provide reliable inter-component interconnects on expanding substrates, with resistance variations of less than 3 Ω under 50% tensile strain. The embedded system integrates highly sensitive pressure sensors (0–300 mmHg range) with customised signal conditioning circuitry (25 dB noise rejection ratio), while the host computer employs adaptive pressure algorithms and pulse waveform feature extraction techniques to provide a comprehensive dual-mode detection architecture. Continuous 8-h ambulatory monitoring captured diurnal blood pressure variations of 11.2%, validating the system’s capability for longitudinal haemodynamic tracking. The synergistic combination of mechanical interlocking and SLM provides novel design paradigms for flexible medical electronics, with a modular architecture demonstrating extensibility to multiple biosignal monitoring applications.